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HumanParasitology（人体寄生虫学）CHAPTIIntroductiontoHumanParasitologyI.WhatIsHumanParasitology1)MedicalProtozoa(原虫)——one-celledorganisms2)MedicalHelminths(蠕虫)-----multicellularorganisms3)MedicalArthropods(节肢动物)---insectsandtheiralliesII.Relationshipofhumanparasitologywithclinicalmedicine
Ophthalmology：riverblind（河盲症)
thelaziasis（结膜吸吮线虫病)







Stomatology：gongylonemiasis（筒线虫病)
Dermatology：scabies（疥疮)、
larvamigrans（幼虫移行症)

III.Parasiticdamages
tohumanAdvancedschistosomiasis（晚期血吸虫病）Elephantiasisofscrotumandlegsresultedfromfilaria(丝虫）Teratosisresultedfromtoxoplasma（弓形虫）Congenitaltoxoplasmosis（先天性弓形虫病）Hydatiddisease（包虫病）Leishmaniasis（利什曼病）LiverinfectedwithClonorchissinensis（华支睾吸虫）Cysticercus(猪囊虫）inbrainMitelivinginskinChaptIIBasicconcepts1.Symbiosis（共生）1)Commensalism(共栖):2)Mutualism(互利共生):crocodile3)Parasitism（寄生）:2.Parasiteandhost3.Lifecycleofparasite（生活史）4.KindsoflifecycleDirectlifecycleIndirectlifecyclePersontomosquitotoperson(lifecycleoffilaria)5.Kindsofhosts1)Definitivehost(终宿主)2)Intermediatehost（中间宿主）3)Reservoirhost（保虫宿主）Adults
（human，dog、
cat）
Definitivehost，
Reservoirhost	6.Classificationofparasites1）Accordingtothecharacteristics(3)Endoparasite（体内寄生虫）:Parasites
whichliveinsidethebodyaretermedas
endoparasite
Forexample：ascaria

(4)Ectoparasite（体外寄生虫）:thosewhich
existonthebodysurfacearecalled
ectoparasites
Forexample：flea，louse
(5)Opportunisticparasite(机会致病寄生虫）2）AccordingtointernationalcodeofzoologicalnomenclatureHowtogiveparasiteascientificnameChapt.IIIRelationshipofhostandparasite1.Thedamageofparasitestohosts3)Damagecausedbyimmuneresponse2.TheresistanceofhoststotheparasitesConcomitantimmunity(伴随免疫)Premunition(带虫免疫)3.Theresultsfromthespecificresponses4.Immuneevasion（免疫逃避）Themechanismofimmuneevasion:1.Featuresofparasiticinfectionandparasiticdiseases颚口线虫引起的匐行疹（creeping
eruption)
Paragonimusinbrain(ectopicparasitism)2.Keylinks（环节）intheprevalenceofparasticdiseasesSourceof
infection



SusceptibleRouteof
populationinfection



3.Thefactorsofprevalenceofparasiticdiseases4.Th