解析影响成人英语学习者的迁移因素-豆柴文库

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解析影响成人英语学习者的迁移因素
Introduction
Asasecondlanguage,Englishlearninghasbecomeaglobaltrendinmanycountries.TheacquisitionofEnglishnotonlycanimprovecommunicationskillsbutalsocanprovidebetterjobopportunities.However,Englishlearners,especiallyadultlearnersencountermultiplechallenges,oneofwhichisthetransferoflanguageskillsfromtheirnativelanguagetoEnglish.Thetransferoflanguageskillscanbeseenasadouble-edgedswordbecauseitcanimprovethelearningprocessandperformanceinsomecases,whileitcanalsocauseconfusionanderrors.Therefore,thispaperwillexplorethefactorsthataffectadultEnglishlearners'transferofskills,includingpositiveandnegativetransfer,cognitivefactors,andsociolinguisticfactors.
PositiveandNegativeTransfer
Thetransferoflanguageskillscanbedividedintotwotypes,positivetransfer,andnegativetransfer.Positivetransferiswhenalearner'sfirstlanguagehasasimilarstructureorvocabularytothetargetlanguage,whichleadstoamoreeffortlessandfasterlearningprocess.Forexample,someEnglishwordsshareaLatinrootwithrelatedwordsinSpanish,French,orItalian,whichmakesiteasierforlearnerswhocanspeaktheselanguagestounderstandthoseEnglishwords.Ontheotherhand,negativetransferiswhenalearner'sfirstlanguagehasanincompatiblestructureorvocabularywiththetargetlanguage,whichresultsinerrorsandconfusioninthelearningprocess.Forexample,MandarinChinesehasnogrammaticaltense,soChinesepeopleoftenstrugglewithEnglishtenses.
CognitiveFactors
Cognitivefactorsareanotherimportantaspectoftransfer.Cognitivefactorsrefertopsychologicalprocesses,suchasmemory,attention,andprocessingspeedthatcanaffectthetransferofskills.Adultlearnersmayfaceadeclineincognitiveskillscomparedwithyoungerlearners,whichcouldresultinalowertransferoflanguageskills.Inaddition,learnerswithhighworkingmemorycapacityaremorelikelytosucceedinthetransferprocessthanthosewithlowworkingmemorycapacity.Therefore,adultlearnersneedtoemployeffectivestrategiestomaintaincognitiveabilitiesandimproveworkingmemorycapacity.Forexample,learningtechniquessuchaspracticingEnglishregularly,usingmemor