初三英语定语从句讲解和练习知识精讲 外研社.doc

用心爱心专心初三英语定语从句讲解和练习知识精讲外研社【同步教育信息】一.本周教学内容定语从句讲解和练习二.重难点讲解定语从句（一）概念：Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose（定语）注：在定语从句中作主语或作宾语。关系副词：when，where，why，how。注：在定语从句中作状语。（二）原则：a.定语从句必须紧跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词。b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分。（三）定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。①限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.②非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充，说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。ThiswastheAmericanCivilWar,whichlasted4yearsbeforetheNorthwonintheend.Hewastakentoanotherroom,wherehefoundawoundedboy,whowasdying.（四）引导词：关系代词与关系副词SheistheoldwomanwhomIsawthismorning.MaryisthegirlwhoseparentsworkinJapan.Isthisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor?October1,1949isthedaywhenNewChinawasfounded.Thisisthehousewherethegreatmanwasborn.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.（1）who指人，在定语从句中作主语/宾语，不能省略。Hisfatheristhepersonwhowillbemostunhappy.他父亲将是感到最不高兴的人。（2）whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。DoyouknowMr.Zhangwhomtheylikeverymuch?你认识他们非常喜欢的张先生吗？（3）whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。Heistheonlystudentinourclasswhosefatherisapoliceman.他是我们班唯一一个爸爸是警察的学生。（4）which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，指物可与that互换；做宾语时可省略。如果作介词宾语，且介词提前，则不能省略，也不能替换为that。Thisisthemagazineaboutwhichweweretalking.=Thisisthemagazine（which/=that）weweretalkingabout.Thisistheroom（which/that）Ipaintedlastweek.（作宾语可省略）（5）that指物/人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，指人可与who替换；指物可与which替换。做宾语时可以省略。Thebookthat（=which）costmealotofmoneyisinteresting.Theherothat（=who）savedmefromthefireisaPLAman.Thebook（that/which）Iboughtyesterdayiswellwritten.下列定语从句只能用that来引导：1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰ThisisthelongestbridgethatIhaveeverseen.2.先行词为序数词所修饰Ihappenedtobethethousandthguestthatvisitedthegreathotel.ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaseverwritteninEnglish.3.先行词既包括人又包括物Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthathappenedintheschool.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句Whoisthemanthatcamethismorning?Whichisthebagthatyoulost?5.先行词为theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame所修饰H