物理专业词汇.docx

physics物理
mechanics力学force力gravity地心引力velocity速度acceleration加速度motion运动inertia惯性gravitation引力statics静力学
centrifugalforce离心力centripetalforce向心力angulardisplacement角位移angularfrequency角频率angularimpulse角冲量angularmomentum角动量，动量矩angularseed角速率angularvelocity角速度gravitationalpotentialenergy引力势能，重力势能inertialframe惯性坐标系，惯性系non-conservativeforce非守恒力，非保守力
generalizedpower广义力surfacetension表面张力surfacestress表面应力elasticcollision弹性碰撞
restricted/generaltheoryofrelativity侠义广义相对论

thermodynamics热力学heat热，热量，加热，热学equilibrium(state)平衡absolutetemperaturescale绝对温标heatcapacity热容量absoluteexpansion绝对膨胀absolutezero绝对零度adiabatic绝热的adiabaticexpansion绝热膨胀adiabaticprocess绝热过程criticaltemperature/phenomenon临界温度/现象phasetransition相变expansivity膨胀系数，膨胀率gaseousphase气相
idealgas理想气体idealgasequation理想气体方程idealgastemperaturescale理想气体温标irreversibleprocess不可逆过程isobaricexpansion等压膨胀isobaricprocess等压过程isothermalprocess等温过程isovolumetricprocess等容过程
extensive/intensivequantity广延量/强度量triplepoint三相点reversiblecycle可逆循环
Gibbsfreeenergy吉布斯自由能internalenergy内能virtualdisplacement虚位移

acoustics声学echo回声resonance回声，洪亮sonar声纳ultrasonics超声学pitch音高intensity强度

electromagnetism电磁学magnetism磁性，磁力magnet磁体electromagnet电磁magneticfield磁场magneticfieldboard磁场板magneticfieldintensity磁场强度magneticfieldstrength磁场强度magneticflux磁通量magneticfluxdensity磁通量密度magneticinduction磁感应强度，磁感应magnetizingcurrent磁化电流

electricity电staticelectricity静电electriccurrent电流directcurrent(DC)直流电alternatingcurrent(AC)交流电electriccircuit电路electriccharge电荷electricvoltage电压conductor导体insulator绝缘体semiconductor半导体battery(cell)电池drybattery干电池storagebattery蓄电池electronics电子学capacitance电容electricfield电场dielectricconstant介电常数，介电常量，电容率chargetomassratio荷质比electricfieldintensity电场强度electricpotential电势，电位electricalenergy电能electricalpotentialenergy电势能，电位能
electromagneticinduction电磁感应electromagneticwave电磁波inducedcharge感生电荷inducedcurrent感生电流inducede.m.f.感生电动势inducedvoltage感生电压

optics光学medium(media)媒质frequency频率wavelength波长opticalfiber光学纤维lens透镜，镜片convex凸透镜concave凹透镜micr