高考虚拟语气学生讲义及练习,答案(易。中,难).doc

高中英语虚拟语气讲义

虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种假设，愿望，建议，或实现不了的空想
1If引导的非真实条件句的虚拟语气。
从句主句与现在事实相反一般过去时过去将来时If+主语+V-ed（be动词只用were）
If+主语+should+V主语+would/could/should/mightdo与过去事实相反过去完成时过去将来完成式If+主语+haddone主语+would/could/should/might+havedone与将来事实相反一般过去时过去将来时If+主语+V-ed（be动词只用were）
If+主语+should+V
If+主语+weretodo+V主语+would/could/should/mightdo

(1)与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。如：
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhelphim.
Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.
=Ifheshouldstudyatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.
(2)与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。如：
IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.
(3)与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。如：
IfitwereSundaytomorrow,wewouldhavenoschool.
If引导的非真实条件句的省略与倒装
(1)必须是非真实条件句，真实条件句中不可省略if。
(2)只有当非真实的条件句中有were,had,should,would等词时，才可以省略。
(3)If省略，助动词were,had,should等提至主语前，没有助动词的加助动词
(1)与现在事实相反的非真实条件句的省略与倒装
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhelphim.
=WereIyou,Iwouldhelphim.（be提前）
Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.
=Didhestudyatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.（无助动词，且为一般过去式，所以加did）
Ifheshouldstudyatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell
=Shouldhestudyatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell（助动词should提前）
(2)与过去事实相反的非真实条件句的省略与倒装
IfIhadseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.
=HadIseenthefilm,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutit.（助动词had提前）

(3)与将来事实相反的非真实条件句的省略与倒装
IfitwereSundaytomorrow,wewouldhavenoschool.
=WereitSundaytomorrow,wewouldhavenoschool.

2错综时间条件句的虚拟（if的非真实条件句从句用过去完成时，主句用过去将来）
Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,youshouldbeallrightnow.,
要是你那时候听了医生的劝告，你现在就好了。
Ifyouhadwateredmore,thetreeswouldgrowbetternow.
3含蓄条件句的虚拟
有时候一个假设的情况并不用条件句表示，而用其他方式表示，这样的句子叫做含蓄条件句。
without没有,butfor若不是,butthat若不是，otherwise否则，but但是,常用来引导含蓄条件句
1.withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamination
=ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp，Iwouldhavefailedintheexamination
2Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.
=IfIhadnotbeenbusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.
3Iwouldhavecometoseeyoulastweek,butIwasbusy.我上周想来看你了，但是我太忙了。
=IwouldhavecometoseeyouifIhadn'tbeenbusylastweek.
4在宾语从句中的虚拟
（1）宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其从句要用“should+动词原形”（should可以省略）常用的动词有：
记忆方法：一二四五
一坚持：insist
二命令：order,command
四建议：suggest,advise,prop