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5.1DefinitionofSemantics
5.2ApproachestoMeaning
5.3WordMeaning
5.4SentenceMeaningLeech,G.1983.Semantics.Harmondsworth:Penguin
Ogden,C.K&Richards,I.A.1923.TheMeaningofMeaning.London:Routledge&KeganPaul《语义学》Semantics----thestudyoflanguagemeaning.p338
Meaningiscentraltothestudyofcommunication.

Whatismeaning?----Scholarsunderdifferentscientificbackgroundshavedifferentunderstandingsoflanguagemeaning.
Philosophers—investigatedtherelationbetweenlinguisticexpressions.
Linguists—investigatedthewayinwhichmeaninginalanguageisstructuredandhavedistinguishedbetweendifferenttypesofmeaning.
5.2.1Meaningasnaming(Plato)
5.2.2Meaningasconcept
5.2.3Meaningasbehavior
5.2.4Meaningascontext(Bloomfield)
5.2.5Meaningastruthconditions

Canyoutellhowmanymeaningsdoes‘mean’have?
P104-105Themeaningofanexpressioniswhatitrefersto,ornames,isoftencalledreferentialtheory(指称理论)ornamingtheory(命名理论).
Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings.
Limitations:
1)Applicabletonounsonly.
2)Therearenounswhichdenotethingsthatdonotexistintherealworld,e.g.ghost,dragon,unicorn,…
3)Therearenounsthatdonotrefertophysicalobjectsbutabstractnotions,e.g.joy,impulse,hatred…
Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto(i.e.betweenlanguageandtherealworld);rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.
OgdenandRichards:semantictriangleThesymbolorformreferstothelinguisticelements(wordsandphrases);
Thereferentreferstotheobjectintheworldofexperience;
Thoughtorreferencereferstoconcept.
Thesymbolorawordsignifiesthingsbyvirtueoftheconceptassociatedwiththeformofthewordinthemindsofthespeaker;andtheconceptlookedatfromthispointofviewisthemeaningoftheword.
“语义三角”说，词和所指事物之间没有直接联系，而是以概念作为中介。（胡，2002:127）L.Bloomfield
Behavioristsattemptedtodefinemeaningas“thesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer”.

thestoryofJackandJill
JillJack
S_________r--------s_________RMeaningshouldbestudiedintermsofsituation,use,context—elementscloselylinkedwith