支架理论在英语阅读教学课堂中的运用的综述报告-豆柴文库

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支架理论在英语阅读教学课堂中的运用的综述报告
Introduction:
Englishreadingisanessentialskillthatstudentsneedtodevelopinordertoexcelintheiracademicandprofessionalcareers.Inordertoimprovethereadingabilitiesofstudents,educatorsneedtoemployeffectivereadingstrategiesandtechniques.OnesuchtechniqueistheuseoftheschematheoryinEnglishreading.Theschematheoryprovidesaframeworkforunderstandinghowreadersusetheirexistingknowledgeandexperiencestomakesenseofnewinformation.Inthefollowingreport,wewillprovideanoverviewoftheschematheoryanditsapplicationintheEnglishreadingclassroom.
TheSchemaTheory:
Theschematheoryisacognitivetheorythatexplainshowindividualscreatementalframeworks,knownasschemas,toorganizeandinterpretnewinformation.Theschematheorysuggeststhatreadersusetheirexistingknowledgeandexperiencestocomprehendnewinformation.Inotherwords,readersusetheirpriorknowledgeandexperiencestocreatementalframeworksthatguidetheirreadingcomprehension.Thesementalframeworksenablereaderstomakeconnectionsbetweenwhattheyalreadyknowandthenewinformationpresentedinthetext.
Theschematheoryiscomposedoftwotypesofschemata:contentschemataandformalschemata.Contentschematarefertoareader'sknowledgeandexperiencesrelatedtothesubjectmatterofthetext.Formalschematarefertoareader'sknowledgeandexperiencesrelatedtothestructureandformatofthetext.Bothtypesofschemataareessentialforeffectivereadingcomprehension.
ApplicationintheClassroom:
TheschematheoryiswidelyusedintheEnglishreadingclassroomtoimprovestudents'comprehensionabilities.EducatorscanemploythefollowingstrategiestoincorporateschematheoryintotheirEnglishreadingcurriculum:
1.Pre-readingactivities:Beforereadingatext,educatorscanengagestudentsinpre-readingactivitiesthatactivatetheirpriorknowledgeandexperiencesrelatedtothesubjectmatter.Forexample,teacherscanuseK-W-Lchartstoidentifywhatstudentsalreadyknow,whattheywanttoknow,andwhattheyhavelearnedafterreadingthetext.
2.Teachingcontentandformalschemata:Educatorscanexplicitlyteachstudentsaboutbothcontentandformalschemata.Contentschematacanbetaug