高考英语大二轮复习第二部分浏览理解专题十四科普知识类浏览+完形填空+短文改错优选习题-经典通用课件材.doc

专题十四科普知识类浏览+完形填空+短文改错
Ⅰ.浏览理解
A
(2018吉林长春二模)
Sleeprepairsthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyadultsdonotgeteighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaveragesleeptimeanadulttodaygetsisonly6.4hours.Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklonghours,orsufferfromsleeplessnessorjetlag.
Studiesshowthatthebrainisnegativelyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.Inonestudy,thirteenhealthyadultsubjects(实验对象)whousuallyhadnormalsleeppatternswerekeptawakeandcarefullymonitoredinalabduringaperiodof35hours.Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereaskedtoperformseveraltasks,suchasmathematicsandwordproblems,whileundergoingscansoftheirbrainactivity.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobe(颞叶)ofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactiveduringspeechtasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotinsubjectswholackedenoughsleep.Afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.
Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepcandamageshort-termmemoryandreactiontime—thuscausingaseriousriskofaccident.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadthesameeffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohollevelof0.5percent,thelegallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Theresearchersconcludedthatcountrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep-depriveddriving.
【语篇解读】本文介绍缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研讨表明睡眠剥夺对大脑活动有不利的影响,它和醉酒有一样的风险性。
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deprivation”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Weakness. B.Loss.
C.Discomfort. D.Pain.
答案B
解析词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.”的关键词seriousness“严重”,可知是缺觉带来的严重性。画线词的意思是“缺少,损失”,故选B项。
2.Thepassagementionsall