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欧盟共同农业政策中环境法律政策一体化研究
Introduction
TheCommonAgriculturalPolicy(CAP)isanintegralpartoftheEuropeanUnion's(EU)policyframeworkintheareaofagricultureandruraldevelopment.Itwasfirstintroducedin1962withtheaimofboostingagriculturalproductivity,stabilizingmarketsandensuringtheavailabilityofaffordablefoodforEUcitizens.However,overtheyears,ithasbecomeincreasinglyapparentthattheCAPmustalsocontributetotheprotectionoftheenvironmentbecauseoftheimpactofagricultureontheenvironment.ThisessayaimstoanalyzetheintegrationofenvironmentalpolicyintotheCAPoftheEU.
TheintegrationofenvironmentalpolicyintotheCAP
TheintegrationofenvironmentalpolicyintotheCAPhasbeenagradualprocess,withthefirststepstakeninthe1980s.ThemainaimofthisintegrationistoensurethattheCAPdoesnotresultinnegativeenvironmentalimpacts.Thisintegrationprocesshasledtotheimplementationofseveralpoliciesandmeasuresthatfocusonenvironmentalprotectioninthefieldofagriculture.ThefollowingaresomemeasuresthathavebeenputinplacetopromotetheintegrationofenvironmentalpolicyintotheCAP.
-Greeningmeasures
The2013reformoftheCAPintroducedtheconceptofgreeningmeasures.Thesemeasuresaredesignedtoincentivizefarmerstoundertakefarmingpracticesthatarebeneficialtotheenvironment.Thethreemaingreeningmeasuresarecropdiversification,maintainingpermanentgrassland,andecologicalfocusareas.Cropdiversificationaimstohelpreducetheriskofsoilerosionandtoimprovethesoil'sfertility,whilemaintainingpermanentgrasslandhelpstoreducetheriskofsoilerosionandmaintainbiodiversity.Ecologicalfocusareasareareaswithinfarmsdesignatedforbiodiversityconservation.
-Agri-environmentalschemes
Agri-environmentalschemeswerefirstintroducedinthe1980sandaredesignedtoencouragefarmerstoundertakefarmingpracticesthathavepositiveenvironmentaloutcomes.Farmersreceivefinancialincentivestoundertakepracticessuchasthecreationofwildlifehabitats,reduceduseofpesticides,andtheadoptionoforganicfarmingmethods.Theseschemeshavebeensuccessfulinencouragingfarmerstoadoptenvironmentallyfriendlyfarmingpractices.
-Cross-compl