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核壳型金属氧化物纳米结构的设计、合成与储锂性能研究
Abstract
Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofrenewableenergyandlarge-scaleenergystorageequipmenthasbecomeanimportantissueduetotheurgentneedtoaddressglobalenergycrisis.Metaloxide-basedmaterialsgainincreasingattentionduetotheirexcellentelectrochemicalpropertiesandhighcapacityinenergystorage.Amongthem,core-shellstructuredmetaloxidenanomaterialshaveshowngreatpotentialinlithium-ionbatteriesduetotheiruniquesurfacestructureandexcellentelectrochemicalactivity.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthedesign,synthesis,andlithiumstorageperformanceofcore-shellstructuredmetaloxidenanomaterials.
Introduction
Asthedemandforenergycontinuestoincrease,thedevelopmentofsustainableandenvironmentallyfriendlyenergyconversionandstoragetechnologieshasbecomeaglobalchallenge.Lithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)havebecomeoneofthemostpromisingenergystoragetechnologiesduetotheirhighenergydensity,longcyclinglife,andgoodsafetycharacteristics.Metaloxide-basedmaterialsareoneofthemostpromisingcandidatesforuseascathodematerialsinLIBs,duetotheirhighspecificcapacityandwiderangeofoperatingvoltages.
However,traditionalmetaloxidecathodematerialssuchasLiFePO4,LiMn2O4,andLiCoO2haveshownsomelimitationssuchaslowspecificcapacity,poorrateperformance,andlimitedcyclingstability.Toovercometheseissues,core-shellstructuredmetaloxidenanomaterialshavebeenresearchedanddeveloped.
DesignandSynthesis
Core-shellstructuredmetaloxidenanomaterialscanbecategorizedintotwotypes:ahollow-structuredoutershellandasolid-structuredoutershell.Thehollow-structuredoutershellistypicallyformedbyatemplate-assistedmethod,wherethetemplatematerialisremovedaftersynthesistocreatethehollowstructure.Thesolid-structuredoutershell,ontheotherhand,istypicallyformedbyco-precipitationorahydrothermalmethod.
Duringthesynthesisofcore-shellstructuredmetaloxidenanomaterials,thecoreisusuallycomposedofanactivemetaloxidematerial,suchasLiFePO4,LiMn2O4,orLiCoO2.Theoutershellisthencomposedofametaloxidematerialwithahigherelectronicconductivity,suchasTiO2orSnO2.Thetwoma