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雅思阅读真题实战之Timetocoolit

这是一篇关于冰箱技术的雅思阅读真题实战文章，主要内容是冰箱
的冷却技术的发展和提高，以及各种冷却的材料的选择。下面就是详细
内容，供大家参考，大家可以限定时间来做题，这样就更有效率了。
1REFRIGERATORSaretheepitomeofclunkytechnology:
solid,reliableandjustalittlebitdull.Theyhavenotchanged
muchoverthepastcentury,butthentheyhavenotneededto.
Theyarebasedonarobustandeffectiveidea--drawheatfrom
thethingyouwanttocoolbyevaporatingaliquidnexttoit,and
thendumpthatheatbypumpingthevapourelsewhereand
condensingit.Thismethodofpumpingheatfromoneplaceto
anotherservedmankindwellwhenrefrigerators'mainjobswere
preservingfoodand,asairconditioners,coolingbuildings.
Today'shigh-techworld,however,demandshigh-tech
refrigeration.Heatpumpsarenolongeruptothejob.Thesearch
isonforsomethingtoreplacethem.
2Onesetofcandidatesareknownasparaelectricmaterials.
Theseactlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperature
change:attachelectrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.
Thiseffectisusedininfra-redcameras.Anarrayoftinypiecesof
paraelectricmaterialcansensetheheatradiatedby,forexample,
aperson,andthepatternofthearray'selectricaloutputscan
thenbeusedtoconstructanimage.Butuntilrecentlynoone
hadbotheredmuchwiththeinverseofthisprocess.Thatinverse
exists,however.Applyanappropriatecurrenttoaparaelectric
materialanditwillcooldown.
3SomeonewhoislookingatthisinverseeffectisAlex
Mischenko,ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommercially
availableparaelectricfilm,heandhiscolleagueshavegenerated
temperaturedropsfivetimesbiggerthananypreviously
recorded.Thatmaybeenoughtochangethephenomenonfrom
alaboratorycuriositytosomethingwithcommercialapplications.
4Astowhatthoseapplicationsmightbe,DrMischenkois
stillalittlehazy.Hehas,nevertheless,setupacompanyto
pursuethem.Heforeseesputtinghisdiscoverytouseinmore
efficientdomesticfridgesandairconditioners.Therealmoney,
though,maybeincoolingcomputers.
5Gadgetscontainingmicroprocessorshavebeengetting
hotterforalongtime.OneconsequenceofMoore'sLaw,which
describesthedoublingofthenumberoftransistorsonachip
every18months,isthattheamountofheatproduceddoublesas
w