5.动词过去式与过去分词变化规则.pdf

常见动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

一、规则变化:
1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked
2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved,dance—danced
3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried,study—studied
4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r
音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如
stop—stopped,permit—permitted
注：A.以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读
时,双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。
B.特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked
（交易,在…通行），prefer—preferred—preferred较喜欢，
refer—referred—referred提到
C.读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped
②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,
stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted

二、不规则变化

⒈A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）

原形（现在式）过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文
hithithithittinghits打、撞
hurthurthurthurtinghurts伤害
costcostcostcostingcosts花费
letletletlettinglets让
setsetsetsettingsets设置、搭建
shutshutshutshuttingshuts关闭
spreadspreadspreadspreadingspreads传播，散布
putputputputtingputs放置
readreadreadreadingreads读
cutcutcutcuttingcuts砍、切、割

broadcastbroadcastbroadcastbroadcastingbroadcasts广播，播放
castcastcastcastingcasts投、掷
burstburstburstburstingbursts爆裂，冲破
shedshedshedsheddingsheds流出，放射
upsetupsetupsetupsettingupsets弄翻，打乱
口诀1：2H（hit,hurt)花钱(cost)让(let)3S(set,shut,spread)放(put)（下）读书(read)
（去）切割（cut)

⒉A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

原形（现在式）过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文
beatbeatbeatenbeatingbeats打败
口诀2：打败天下无敌手，过去分词加en

⒊A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

原形（现在式）过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文
runranrunrunningruns跑
comecamecomecomingcomes来
becomebecamebecomebecomingbecomes成为
overcomeovercameovercomeovercomingovercomes超越，克服
口诀3：跑、来、成为、（杨）超越，元音字母变成a

⒋A---B---B型（过去式与过去分词同形）

(1)原形→aught→aught

原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文
teachtaughttaughtteachingteaches教
catchcaughtcaughtcatchingcatches抓住、赶上
口诀4：教书被抓，变成aught

(2)原形→ought→ought

原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文
thinkthoughtthoughtthinkingthinks想、思考
buyboughtboughtbuyingbuys买
seeksoughtsoughtseekingseeks寻求
bringbroughtbroughtbringingbrings带来
fightfoughtfoughtfightingfights打架
口诀5：想买（个）熊球（寻求）带来打架

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