材料力学专业词汇中英对照.pdf

材料力学MechanicsofMaterials强度极限Strengthlimit
构件Structuremember铸铁castiron
强度strength轴Shaft
刚度rigidity扭转Torsion
稳定性stability扭转角Theangleoftwist
变形固体soliddeformationbody扭矩Internaltorque
基本假设fundamentalassumption扭矩图Internaltorquediagram
各向同性Isotropy剪应力互等定Theoremofcomplementaryshearing

内力internalforcestresses
外力externalforce弯曲bending
二力杆twoforcebar梁Beam
刚体rigidbody固定铰支座Fixedhingedsupport
轴向拉伸Axialtension可动铰支座Movablehingedsupport
轴向压缩Axialcompression固定端Rigidlyfixedend
拉力tensileforce简支梁simplysupportedbeam
内力Internalforce悬臂梁Cantileverbeam
轴力axialforce外伸梁Overhangingbeam
轴力图diagramofaxialforce静定梁Staticallydeterminatebeam
集中载荷concentrateload超静定梁Staticallyindeterminatebeam
应力stress弯曲内力Internalforceinbending
平均应力Averagestress弯矩Bendingmoment
全应力wholestress内力方程Internalforceequation
平面假设Hypothesisofplanesection剪力图shearingforcediagram
拉应力Tensilestress弯矩图bendingmomentdiagram
应力集中stressconcentration分布荷载thedistributedload
剪切shearing荷载集度thedensityofthedistributedload
正应力normalstress平面刚架Planarrigidframe
剪应力shearingStress曲杆Curvedrod
线应变linearstrain纯弯曲PureBending
剪应变angularstrain中性轴Neutralaxis
剪力shearingforce曲率半径theradiusofcurvature
弹性应变能Elasticstrainenergy挠度Deflection
静定问题staticallydeterminateproblem转角Angleofrotation
静不定问题staticallyindeterminateproblem挠曲线deflectioncurve
平衡方程equilibriumequations位移边界条Boundaryconditionsofthe

比例极限Proportionallimitdisplacement
弹性极限Elasticlimit支点位移条件Displacementconditionsatthe

屈服极限Yieldinglimitsupports
塑性材料ductilematerial
连续条件Continuityconditions光滑条件Slidingconditions
积分常数integralconstant一点的应力状态Stressedstateatapoint
原始单元体Originalelement主单元体Principalelement
主面principalplane主应力principalstress
三向应力状态ThreeDimensionalStateofStress
二向应力状态PlaneStateofStress应力圆StressCircle
单向应力状态UnidirectionalStateofStress主应力迹线Principalstresstrajectories
应变能密度strain-energydensity强度理论Theoriesofstrength
最大拉应力（第一强度）理论：Theoryofmaximumtensilestress（firststrength）
最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论：Theoryofmaximumtensilestrain（secondstrength）
最大剪应力（第三强度）理论Theoryofmaximumshearingstress(thirdstrength)
形状改变比能（第四强度