高中英语：Unit7 lesson1 the spirit of exploers素材（北师大版必修3）-豆柴文库

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Lesson1TheSpiritofExplorers素材
TheVikings
从公元8世纪到11世纪，有一支来自北方的民族纵横欧洲。他们是航海家，也是侵略者；是商人，也是海盗；是出色的水手，也是英勇的战士——他们就是维京人。
TheVikingpeoplecamefromthethreecountriesofScandinavia:Denmark,NorwayandSweden.TheywerealsoknownastheNorsepeople.Theyweremostlyfarmers,butsomeworkedastraders.
ManyVikingsweregreattravelersandsailedalloverEuropeandthenorthAtlanticOceanintheirlongships.Somewentaspirateraiders(海盗):theystoletreasuresandattackedlocalpeople.ButmostVikingswhosailedoverseasweresimplysearchingforbetterlandtofarm.TheVikingAgebeganabout1,200yearsagointhe8thCenturyADandlastedfor300years.Intheyear793,VikingpirateraiderssailedacrosstheNorthSeatoaChristianmonasteryatLindisfarneinnorth-eastEngland.Theystoleitstreasures,murderedthemonksandterrifiedeveryone.Thiswasfollowedbyotherviolent“Vikingraids”alloverBritain.
In865,a“GreatArmy”ofDanishVikingsinvadedEngland.Therewerefiercebattlesforseveralyears.Intheend,theVikingsconqueredallofnorthern,centralandeasternEngland,andseizedmuchofthelandfortheirownfarms.Thisareawascalled“TheDanelaw”.
Duringthesameperiod,NorwegianVikingssailedtonorthernandwesternScotland,andseizedlandfortheirfarmsaroundthecoastandislands.TheyalsosettledintheIsleofMan,andpartsofWales.
Jorvik(modernYork)wasanimportanttowninVikingBritain.Itshouseswerebuiltofwoodorwattle(枝条)alongnarrowstreets.
Womendidallthehouseholdjobs.Theyalsohelpedonthefarm,milkedthecowsandmadecheese.Theyspun(纺线),woveandsewedallthefamily’sclothes.Childrendidnotgotoschool.Theyhelpedtheirparentsatwork,andlearnedabouthistory,religionandthelawfromstories.Theybecameadultsattheageof15or16.