英语多义词的认知理据研究-豆柴文库

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英语多义词的认知理据研究
Introduction
Polysemyisalinguisticphenomenonwhereasinglewordhasmultiplemeanings.Thesemultiplemeaningspresentachallengetolanguagelearnersaswellasnaturallanguageprocessingsystems.Researchershaveattemptedtouncovertheunderlyingmechanismsthataidpolysemouswordrecognitionandhavefounddifferenttheoriesthattrytoexplainhowdifferentmeaningsarerepresentedandaccessed.Inthispaper,wewillreviewthecognitivebasisforpolysemy,highlightingthedifferenttheoreticalperspectivesthataimtoexplainhowpolysemouswordsarerepresentedandaccessed.
MentalRepresentationofPolysemousWords
Polysemyhasbeenstudiedfromtheperspectiveofmentalrepresentationtogaininsightintohowmultiplemeaningsarestoredandprocessed.Oneofthetheoriesthatinvestigatethisissueistheprototypetheory,whichpositsthatwordshaveonecentralmeaningthatrepresentsthetypical,orcore,meaningoftheword.Othermeaningsarerelatedtothecoremeaningbyfamilyresemblance,thatis,theysharecertainfeaturesorcharacteristicswiththecoremeaning(Rosch,1973).Thisimpliesthatpolysemouswords'multiplemeaningsarestoredinthesamementallexicon,withthecoremeaningservingasaprototypeoranchorfortheothermeanings.
Anotherperspectivethatinvestigatesmentalrepresentationofpolysemouswordsisthesense-basedtheory.Thistheoryholdsthatwordshavemultiplesenses,eachrepresentedasaseparateentryinthementallexicon.Thedistinctsensesforaparticularwordcanbelinkedviasemanticrelations,suchashyponymyorsynonymy(Cruse,1986).Hence,forthistheory,multi-sensewordsarestoredseparatelyinthementallexicon.
AccessingMultipleMeaningsofPolysemousWords
Thequestionofhowdifferentmeaningsofpolysemouswordsareaccessedhasalsobeeninvestigatedfromdifferenttheoreticalperspectives.Theaccess-basedtheoryproposesthatcontextplaysacrucialroleinactivatingtheappropriatemeaningofapolysemousword(Swinney,1979).Thistheorypositsthatallmeaningsofawordareinitiallyactivatedwhenthewordisencountered,afterwhichthecontextualinformationconsistsofselectingtheappropriatesense.Thisimpliesthatthedifferentmeaningsofapolysemouswordareinitiallyactiv