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江苏乡镇债务问题及对策研究
摘要：
当前我国乡镇政府面临着巨大的债务压力，特别是一些中小城市和经济欠发达地区。江苏省也不例外。本文采用文献分析和案例研究的方法，对江苏乡镇债务问题进行研究，并提出对策建议。本文主要从债务来源、债务规模、债务风险、债务结构等方面进行研究，并提出了一些有效的应对措施。
关键词：江苏、乡镇、债务、对策
Introduction
Withtheunprecedentedurbanizationandindustrializationprocess,localgovernmentsinChina,especiallyinsmallandmedium-sizedcitiesandunderdevelopedregions,havefacedahugedebtburden.Localgovernments’debtproblemshavebeenexacerbating,withdebtlevelsgrowinglargerandrisksescalating.ThisisalsotruefortheJiangsuProvince.Inthisarticle,wewilluseliteratureanalysisandcasestudiestoresearchJiangsu'stownandvillagedebtproblem,andproviderelevantrecommendations.Thisarticlemainlystudiesdebtsources,debtscale,debtrisk,debtstructure,andproposessomeeffectivecountermeasures.
Debtsources
Inrecentyears,duetotheincreasingdemandsofpublicfinanceandsocialsecurity,localgovernmentinvestmentprograms,especiallyininfrastructureconstruction,haveincreasedsignificantly.Inaddition,China'stax-sharingsystemhasledtoalargegapinrevenueandexpenditureatthelocallevel,andlocalgovernmentshavereliedheavilyondebtfinancing.ThemainsourcesofdebtinJiangsuProvince'stownsandvillagesarebankloans,corporatebonds,andlocalgovernmentbonds.
Debtscale
Accordingtostatistics,thetotaldebtofJiangsu'stownsandvillagesisexpectedtobeapproximately670billionyuan,accountingfor27.5%oftheprovincialpublicbudgetin2020.Amongthem,bankloansaccountforthemajority,followedbycorporatebondsandlocalgovernmentbonds.Thisshowsthatthetownandvillagedebthasreachedasignificantlevelthatcannotbeignored.
Debtrisk
Therisksassociatedwithdebtaremainlyreflectedinthefollowingtwoaspects.First,fromtheperspectiveofrepaymentrisk,localgovernmentsfacethepressureofrepaymentontime,whichrequiressufficientrevenuetorepaythedebt.However,duetotheweakeconomicbase,sometownsandvillagesarestrugglingtogenerateenoughrevenuetorepaythedebt.Second,fromtheperspectiveofinterestraterisk,duetothefluctuationofinterestrates,thecostofdebtfinancingmayincreasesignificantly,whichmayleadtoanincreaseintheoveralldebtburdenoflocalgovernme