防污漆的危害及中国加入《控制船舶有害防污系统国际公约》分析(英文)-豆柴文库

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防污漆的危害及中国加入《控制船舶有害防污系统国际公约》分析(英文)
Title:HazardsofAnti-foulingPaintandAnalysisofChina'sAccessiontotheInternationalConventionontheControlofHarmfulAnti-foulingSystemsonShips
Introduction:
Anti-foulingpaintplaysacrucialroleinprotectingthehullsofshipsfromfoulingorganisms,however,italsoposessignificanthazardstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.Inanefforttomitigatetheserisks,ChinahasrecognizedtheimportanceofjoiningtheInternationalConventionontheControlofHarmfulAnti-foulingSystemsonShips.Thispaperaimstoprovideacomprehensiveanalysisofthehazardsassociatedwithanti-foulingpaintandevaluatetheimplicationsofChina'saccessiontotheconvention.
1.HazardsofAnti-foulingPaint:
1.1Toxicitytomarineorganisms:
Anti-foulingpainttypicallycontainsbiocidessuchascopper,zinc,andtributyltin(TBT),whichpreventtheattachmentandgrowthoffoulingorganisms.However,thesetoxicsubstancescanalsoharmnon-targetmarineorganisms,leadingtoreducedbiodiversityandecologicalimbalances.
1.2Bioaccumulationandbiomagnification:
Thetoxicsubstancesinanti-foulingpaintcanaccumulateinthetissuesofmarineorganisms,leadingtobioaccumulation.Additionally,theprocessofbiomagnificationmagnifiestheconcentrationsofthesetoxicsubstancesastheymoveupthefoodchain,posingincreasedriskstohighertrophiclevels,includinghumanswhoconsumeseafood.
1.3Humanhealthrisks:
Exposuretoanti-foulingpaintcanleadtovarioushealthproblemsinhumans.Someofthesubstancesinthesepaintsareknowntocausecancer,reproductiveissues,organdamage,andskinirritations.Workersinvolvedintheapplicationandmaintenanceofanti-foulingpaint,aswellasindividualsengagedinrecreationalactivitiesinwaterscontaminatedwiththesepaints,areparticularlysusceptibletothesehealthrisks.
2.ControlofAnti-foulingPaints-TheInternationalConvention:
TheInternationalConventionontheControlofHarmfulAnti-foulingSystemsonShipsisaninternationaltreatyestablishedtoaddressthehazardsassociatedwithanti-foulingpaints.TheconventionprohibitstheuseofpaintscontainingTBTonships,asitisknowntobehighlytoxic.Italsoincludesregulationsoncontrolmeas