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Linux系统下网络编程方法研究与应用
Introduction
Linuxisanoperatingsystemthathasgainedalotofpopularityovertheyears,dueinnosmallparttoitsopen-sourcenature.Itiswidelyusedforserverdeploymentsandembeddedsystems,amongothers.Linuxprovidesapowerfulplatformfornetwork-enabledapplications,andassuch,networkprogrammingisanessentialaspectofLinuxapplicationdevelopment.NetworkprogramminginLinuxallowsdeveloperstocreateapplicationsthatcommunicatewithotherdevicesoveranetwork.
ThispaperwillexploresomeofthevariousmethodsofnetworkprogramminginLinuxandtheirapplications.Thefocuswillbeonsocket-basedprogramminganditsrelatedprotocols,suchasTCP/IPandUDP.
SocketProgramminginLinux
SocketprogrammingisafundamentalaspectofnetworkprogramminginLinux.Asocketissimplyanendpointforcommunicationbetweentwodifferentprocessesoveranetwork.Socketsprovideastandardizedwayforprocessestocommunicatewitheachother,irrespectiveoftheunderlyingnetworktopology.
InLinux,socketsaredividedintotwotypes:streamsocketsanddatagramsockets.Streamsockets(whichuseTCPastheunderlyingprotocol)provideareliable,connection-orientedstreamofdatatransmission,whiledatagramsockets(whichuseUDPastheunderlyingprotocol)provideanunreliable,connectionless,andpacket-switching-basedmethodofcommunication.
TousesocketsinLinux,developersmustincludetheappropriateheaderfilesandusetherelevantsocketmethodcalls.Thebasicstepsforcreatingasocket,bindingittoaspecificaddressandport,andlisteningforincomingconnectionsareasfollows:
1.Createasocketusingthesocket()systemcall.
2.Setthesocketoptionsandconfigurationusingthesetsockopt()systemcall.
3.Bindthesockettoanaddressandportusingthebind()systemcall.
4.Listenforincomingconnectionsusingthelisten()systemcall.
Oncethesocketissetup,communicationcancommenceusingthesend()andrecv()systemcallsforstreamsockets,andthesendto()andrecvfrom()systemcallsfordatagramsockets.
TCP/IPProtocolStack
TCP(TransmissionControlProtocol)isaconnection-orientedprotocolthatprovidesreliable,stream-basedcommunicationoveranetwork.TCPisapartoftheInternetProtocol(IP)s