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WTO制度危机与发展问题研究
Introduction
TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isaninternationalorganizationthatwasestablishedtooverseeandregulateworldtrade.Itcurrentlyhas164membercountries,whichaccountforapproximately98%oftheworld'strade.However,inrecentyears,theWTOhasfacedanumberofchallenges,includingacrisisofconfidenceintheorganization,alackofprogressonkeyissues,andariseinprotectionism.ThispaperexploresthecrisisfacingtheWTOandthechallengesitfacesintermsofdevelopment.
CrisisofConfidence
OneofthekeychallengesfacingtheWTOisacrisisofconfidenceintheorganization.Manycountries,includingtheUnitedStates,haveaccusedtheWTOofbeingbiasedagainstthemandofnotdoingenoughtoaddressissuessuchasintellectualpropertyrightsandunfairtradepractices.Thishasledtoadeclineinsupportfortheorganizationandalackofprogressonkeyissues.
TheUnitedStates,inparticular,hasbeencriticaloftheWTO,threateningtowithdrawfromtheorganizationandimposingtariffsonarangeofgoods.TheTrumpadministrationhascriticizedtheWTOforbeingbiasedagainsttheUSandhasdemandedreformstotheorganization'srulesandprocedures.Thishasunderminedtheorganization'scredibilityandmadeitdifficulttomakeprogressonkeyissues.
Inaddition,theWTOhasfacedcriticismfromdevelopingcountries,whichhaveaccusedtheorganizationofbeingbiasedinfavorofdevelopedcountries.DevelopingcountrieshavearguedthattheWTO'srulesandproceduresarestackedagainstthemandhavecalledforreformstomaketheorganizationmoreresponsivetotheirneeds.
LackofProgress
AnotherchallengefacingtheWTOisalackofprogressonkeyissues.TheDohaRound,whichwaslaunchedin2001,wasmeanttobeacomprehensiveroundoftradenegotiationsthatwouldaddressarangeofissues,includingagriculture,intellectualproperty,andservices.However,theroundhasstalled,withlittleprogressmadeinthepastdecade.
TheinabilitytomakeprogressonkeyissueshasunderminedtheWTO'scredibilityandmadeitdifficulttoaddresspressingglobalchallenges,suchasclimatechangeandinequality.TheWTOhasalsofacedcriticismforbeingtooslowtoaddressemergingissues,suchasdigitaltradeande-commerce,whichareincreasinglyi