渤海湾水域海事案例分析(英文)-豆柴文库

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渤海湾水域海事案例分析(英文)
AnalysisofMaritimeCasesintheBohaiBayArea
Introduction
TheBohaiBayregionisoneofthemostimportanteconomiczonesinChina.IthostsseveralindustrialareasandportswhicharesignificantinChina'sexporttrade.Therefore,theregionexperiencesheavymaritimetraffic,makingitpronetomaritimeincidents.ThepurposeofthispaperistoanalyzetwocasesofmaritimeincidentsthatoccurredintheBohaiBayareaandtorecommendmeasurestominimize,ifnoteliminate,suchincidentsinthefuture.
CaseStudy1:OilSpillintheBohaiBayin2011
TheoilspillintheBohaiBayin2011isoneoftheworstmaritimeincidentsthateverhappenedintheregion.TheincidentwascausedbyanoilreleasefromthePenglai19-3oilfieldoperatedbyConocoPhillipsChina(COPC)andtheChinaNationalOffshoreOilCorporation(CNOOC)onJune4,2011.Theoilspillaffectedanareaofapproximately6,200squarekilometersoftheBohaiBay,damagingtheaquaticecosystem,fishingindustry,andtourismindustry.Inaddition,theincidentalsocausedseveredamagetotheimageoftheoilindustry.
ThecauseoftheincidentwasaleakinthewellsandpipelinesofthePenglai19-3oilfield.Theleakreleasedamixtureofcrudeoilandnaturalgasintothesea,pollutingtheBohaiBay.Theoilandgascaughtfire,causingablowoutthatlastedforseveralweeks.
Theincidenthighlightedthelackofproperemergencyresponsemeasuresandcommunicationprotocolsintheregion.ThedelayinreportingtheincidentbyCOPCandCNOOCcontributedtothespreadoftheoilspillandthedamageitcaused.
Topreventsimilarincidentsfromhappeninginthefuture,thefollowingmeasuresshouldbeadopted:
-Implementstrictsafetyregulationsandguidelinesintheoilindustry,includingregularmaintenanceandinspectionofwellheadsandpipelines.
-Improvecommunicationprotocolsbetweentheoilcompanies,governmentagencies,andotherstakeholdersintheregion.
-Developandimplementaneffectiveemergencyresponseplanthatoutlinestherolesandresponsibilitiesofallstakeholdersintheeventofamaritimeincident.
-Conductregulardrillsandexercisestotesttheemergencyresponseplanandidentifyareasthatneedimprovement.
CaseStudy2:CollisionofShipsin2018
InJanuary2018,twocargoshipscollidedinth