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EPON中基于NIOS的ONU设计
PassiveOpticalNetwork(PON)isawidely-usedtechnologyforhigh-speedinternetconnectivityinfiber-to-the-home(FTTH)applications.AnEthernetPassiveOpticalNetwork(EPON)isapopularvariantofPONthatusesEthernettotransmitdatabetweentheOpticalLineTerminal(OLT)andtheOpticalNetworkUnit(ONU).Inthisarticle,wewilldiscussthedesignofanONUbasedonNIOSforEPON.
TheEPONarchitectureconsistsofanOLT,OpticalDistributionNetwork(ODN),andONUs.TheOLTisconnectedtotheODN,whichfurtherconnectstotheONUs.TheOLTisresponsibleformanagingthecommunicationandtransmissionofdatabetweentheODNandtheONUs.TheONUsareconnectedtotheend-users'devices,suchascomputers,laptops,smartphones,etc.,andprovidehigh-speeddataconnectivity.
TheONUcanbedesignedusingvariousprogrammabledevices,suchasFieldProgrammableGateArrays(FPGAs),DigitalSignalProcessors(DSPs),andMicrocontrollers.Inthisarticle,wewilldiscussthedesignofanONUbasedonNIOS,whichisasoft-coreprocessordesignedforAltera'sFPGAfamily.
TheNIOSprocessorisanidealchoicefordesigningembeddedsystemsthatrequirelowpowerconsumption,high-performance,andefficientuseofresources.Theprocessorisequippedwithmemorycontrollers,peripheralinterfaces,andcustominstructionextensions,makingitsuitableforawiderangeofapplications.
TheONUbasedonNIOScanbedesignedusingAltera'sFPGAdevelopmentkit,whichincludestheNIOSIIEmbeddedDesignSuite(EDS),QuartusIIsoftware,andthedevelopmentboard.TheNIOSprocessorcanbeintegratedwithothermodules,suchasEthernetMAC,PhysicalLayer(PHY)interface,memoryinterfaces,andotherperipheraldevices,usingtheQsysSystemIntegrationTool.
TheEthernetMACinterfaceisresponsibleforreceivingandtransmittingdatabetweentheONUandtheOLT.TheMACinterfaceconformstotheIEEE802.3protocol,andthePHYinterfaceprovidesthephysicallayerfortheEthernetcommunication.ThedesignoftheMACandPHYinterfacescanbeachievedusingAltera'sIPcores.
Thememoryinterfacecomprisesofseveralcomponents,suchastheInstructionmemory,Datamemory,andCustominstructionmemory.TheInstructionmemorystorestheprograminstructions,theDatamemorystor