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PassageTranslationOutline
Definitionsofapassage/text/discourse/utterance
Levelsoftranslation
Passagetranslation
	1.Comprehensionstage
		A.Wordsinthecontext
		B.Logicanalysis
		C.Pragmaticanalysis
	2.Representationstage
		A.Creating/Intensifyingtheatmosphere
		B.Meetingthestyle
		C.Cohesion&coherenceWhatisapassage/text/discourse/utterance?
Aslinguisticconcepts:
passage–written,consistingofparagraphs;
text–usu.written,maybeaword/phrase/sentence/paragraph/book;
discourse–usu.thebroadestconcept;
utterance–usu.thespoken,maybeaword/phrase/speech
Basisofpassagetranslation:Comprehensionstage:

Understandingwordsinthewholecontext
LogicanalysisComprehensionstage:

Understandingwordsinthewholecontext
Logicanalysis
PragmaticanalysisRepresentationstage
Words/structuresfortheatmosphereRepresentationstage
Words/structuresfortheatmosphere
Words/structuresforthestyleandrhetoricRepresentationstage
Words/structuresfortheatmosphere
Words/structuresforthestyleandrhetoricRepresentationstage
Words/structuresfortheatmosphere
Words/structuresforthestyleandrhetoricRepresentationstage
Words/structuresfortheatmosphere
Words/structuresforthestyleandrhetoricRepresentationstage
Words/structuresfortheatmosphere
Words/structuresforthestyleandrhetoric
Cohesion&coherence
InContrastiveRhetoric:Cross-CulturalAspectsofSecond-LanguageWriting,UllaConnordefinescohesionas"theuseofexplicitlinguisticdevicestosignalrelationsbetweensentencesandpartsoftexts."Thesecohesivedevicesarephrasesorwordsthathelpthereaderassociatepreviousstatementswithsubsequentones.InCohesioninEnglish,M.A.HallidayandRuqaiyaHasanidentifyfivegeneralcategoriesofcohesivedevicesthatsignalcoherenceintexts:
1)reference
2)ellipsis
3)substitution
4)lexicalcohesion
5)conjunction
WhataboutinChinese?

InTextandContext:ExplorationsintheSemanticsandPragmaticsofDiscourse,TeunA.vanDijk(p.93)arguesconvincinglythatcoherenceisasemanticpropertyofdiscourseformedthroughtheinterpretationofeachindividualsentencerelativetotheinterpretationofothersentences,with"i