苦荞麦染色体的加倍研究(英文)-豆柴文库

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苦荞麦染色体的加倍研究(英文)
ResearchonPolyploidizationofFagopyrumesculentumChromosomes
Introduction
Polyploidization,orgenomedoubling,hasplayedacrucialroleintheevolutionofmanyplantspecies.Itisaprocessthatinvolvesthemultiplicationofchromosomes,leadingtotheformationofmultiplesetsofhomologouschromosomes.Polyploidizationcanoccurspontaneouslyorthroughgeneticmanipulation,anditcanresultinseveralbenefits,suchasincreasedgeneticdiversity,alteredgeneexpression,andenhancedstresstolerance.
OneplantspeciesthathasreceivedconsiderableattentioninpolyploidizationresearchisFagopyrumesculentum(buckwheat).Buckwheatisanimportantcropworldwide,especiallyinregionswithaharshclimate.Itisrichinprotein,minerals,anddietaryfiber,anditisusedinvariousfoodproducts,suchasnoodles,bread,andbeverages.
Recentstudieshaveshownthatbuckwheatcanundergopolyploidization.However,theexactmechanismandconsequencesofthisprocessarestillunclear.Therefore,inthispaper,wewillreviewthecurrentknowledgeonthepolyploidizationofF.esculentumchromosomes.
PolyploidizationofFagopyrumesculentumChromosomes
Buckwheatisknowntobeadiploidspecieswithachromosomenumberof2n=16.However,overtheyears,researchershaveidentifiedseveralpolyploidbuckwheatpopulationsindifferentregionsoftheworld.Forinstance,hexaploid(2n=6x=48)andoctaploid(2n=8x=64)populationshavebeenreportedinGermany,Japan,andChina.Furthermore,arecentstudyhasprovidedevidencefortheexistenceofadecaploid(2n=10x=80)buckwheatpopulationinChina.
Themechanismofpolyploidizationinbuckwheatisnotwellunderstood.However,severalstudieshavesuggestedthatitcanoccurthroughunreducedgameteformationorhybridizationevents.Unreducedgametesareproducedduringmeiosis,andtheycontainacompletesetofchromosomesinsteadofhalf.Inbuckwheat,unreducedgameteformationhasbeenobservedincultivarswithahighfrequencyoftriploid(2n=3x=24)plants.Itisbelievedthatthetriploidplantsresultedfromthefusionofahaploidandadiploidgamete.
Hybridizationisanotherpossiblemechanismofpolyploidizationinbuckwheat.Buckwheatexhibitshighcross-compatibilitywithotherFa