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1 一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词) Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词) Seeingisbelieving.(动名词) Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句) Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.(名词)Shewentoutinahurry.(代词) Fourplusfouriseight.(数词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式) Smokingisbadforhealth.(动名词)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(名词化的形容词) Whathehassaidistrue.(句子) 谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill? Helookedaftertwoorphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; HecanspeakEnglishwell. Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1.WeloveChina. 2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook. 3.HecanspeakEnglish. 4.Sheseemstired. 3.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词) Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词) Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语) Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词) Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式) Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句) ★(常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)... Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange. Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin. Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood. Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired. 找出下列句中的表语。 1.Iamateacher. 2.Theyareontheplayground. 3.MyjobisteachingEnglish. 4.Itgetscold. 5.Itsoundsinteresting. 4.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语 IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词) Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词) Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词) Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks. 3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物. Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney. 指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语: pleasepassmethebook. Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers. 找出下列句子的宾语部分: 1.Weoftenhelphim. 2.Helikestoplaybasketball. 3.Weenjoyli

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