2021年12月大学英语四级考试阅读提高训练(九).docx

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2021年12月大学英语四级考试阅读提高训练(九)

Weallknowwhatangeris,andwe’veallfeltit:whetherasabriefannoyanceorasfull-developedrage.Angerisacompletelynormal,usuallyhealthy,humanemotion.Butwhenitgetsoutofcontrolandturnsdestructive,itcanleadtoproblemsatwork,inyourpersonalrelationships,andintheoverallqualityofyourlife.Anditcanmakeyoufeelasthoughyou’reatthemercyofanunpredictableandpowerfulemotion.Thisarticleismeanttohelpyouunderstandandcontrolanger.TheNatureofAngerAngeris“anemotionalstatethatvariesinintensityfrommildirritationtointensefuryandrage,”accordingtoCharlesSpielberger,PhD,apsychologistwhospecializesinthestudyofanger.Likeotheremotions,itisaccompaniedbyphysiologicalandbiologicalchanges;whenyougetangry,yourheartrateandbloodpressuregoup,asdothelevelsofyourenergyhormones,adrenaline(肾上腺素),andnoradrenaline(去甲肾上腺素).Angercanbecausedbybothexternalandinternalevents.Youcouldbeangryataspecificperson(suchasaco-workerorsupervisor)orevent(atrafficjam,acanceledflight),oryourangercouldbecausedbyworryingaboutyourpersonalproblems.Memoriesoftraumatic(外伤的)orenragingeventscanalsotriggerangryfeelings.ExpressingAngerTheinstinctive(本能的),naturalwaytoexpressangeristorespondaggressively.Angerisanatural,adaptiveresponsetothreats;itinspirespowerful,oftenaggressive,feelingsandbehaviors,whichallowustofightandtodefendourselveswhenweareattacked.Acertainamountofanger,therefore,isnecessarytooursurvival.Ontheotherhand,wecan’tphysicallylashout(猛击)ateverypersonorobjectthatirritatesorannoysus;laws,socialnorms,andcommonsenseplacelimitsonhowfarourangercantakeus.Peopleuseavarietyofbothconsciousandunconsciousprocessestodealwiththeirangryfeelings.Thethreemainapproachesareexpressing,suppressing,andcalming.Toexpressangerinahealthyway,youhavetolearnhowtomakeclearwhatyourneedsare,andhowtogetthemmet,withouthurtingothers.Youhavetobeassertive,whichdoesn’tmeanbeingpushy(有进取心的)ordemanding;itmeansbeingrespectfulofyourselfandothers.Angercanbesuppressed,andthenconvertedorredirected