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第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT3页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT3页 2021年12月英语四级听力真题第3篇 Passage3It'slogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefitsandjobsecuritymotivateworkers,butoneexpert,FredrickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers.Theyaremerelysatisfiers.Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there'realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.Sohowdomangersmotivatepeopleinsuchjobs?Onesolutionistogivethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasapartofateam.Forexample,somesupermarketscanbuyofficestufftopeoplewhofilltheshelves,andthepeoplewhoworkatthecheckoutintoateam,andletthemdecidewhatproductlinestostock,howtodisplaythemandsoon.Manypeoplenowtalkabouttheimportanceofacompany'ssharedvaluesorculturewithwhichallthestaffcanidentify,forexample,beingthebesthotelchain,ormakingthebest,themostuser-friendlyorthemostreliableproductsinaparticularfield.Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargetswhichautomaticallyonlyconcernafewpeople.Unfortunately,there'sonlyalimitednumberofsuchgoalstogoaroundandbydefinition,notallthecompetingcompaniesinthatindustrycanseriouslyplantobethebest.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q32:WhatcanactuallymotivateworkersaccordingtoFredrickHerzberg?Q33:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutjobsinthecomputerera?Q34:Whatdosomesupermarketsdotomotivatetheiremployees?Q35:Whydoesthespeakersayfinancialtargetsarelesslikelytomotivateworkers?
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