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第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT4页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT4页 2021年6月英语六级考试王长喜标准阅读(第22篇) 第22篇WesternairlinermanufacturersseemtobetrippingoverthemselvesintheireagernesstosigncollaborativeagreementswithAsianpartnersasalow-costroutetodevelopingnewairliners.TheirpotentialAsianpartnersseemtobetrippingoverthemselvestosignsuchagreements,asalow-costroutetoacquiringnewairlinertechnology.Iftheyarenotcarefulthetwosideswillenduptrippingovereachother:theonebysellingitsbirth-rightforshort-termgain,theotherbytryingtobreakintoamarketwhichisn’tbigenoughtosustainit.Technologytransferworksinagrowingmarket,wheretheaspirationsofthenewentrantreceivingthattechnologycanbemetthroughexpansion.Theairlinermarketisnotsuchadevice.Eventhemostoptimisticprojectionsofairlinersalesforthenext20yearsshowthatairlinermanufacturecanonlybeprofitableifasmallnumberofaircraftbuilderssharetheavailablesales.Itfollowsthatifnewmanufacturerscomeintothemarketandtakesales,theirsalesmustcomefromsubstitution,notexpansion.Giventhecomplexityoftoday’sairliners,itisunlikelythatanynewentrantwillhaveboththefinancialandtechnicalresourcestocomeintothemarketwithouttheinvolvementofanestablishedmanufacturer.Intheshortterm,suchinvolvementmaynotbetotheexclusivebenefitofthenewentrant:mostoftheestablishedmanufacturersaresearchingforwaystoreducecostsofmanufacture.Intheshortterm,,itcanbeofbenefittoanestablishedWesternmanufacturertohaveeithercomponentsofcompleteair–framesmadeorassembledinlower-wageeconomicssuchaChina,TaiwanorKorea,whileretainingthedesign,developmentandmarketingofaircraftforitself.ItwouldbeaveryunwiseWesternmanufacturerwhichdidnotheedthefactthatthesedevelopingeconomiesareacquiringskills(likecomputing)atleastasquicklyastheyareacquiringskillsinmetallbashing.ThedangercomeswhenthenewentrantnolongerneedstheestablishedWesternpartnerbecauseithasacquiredthetechnicalandintellectualabilitytodesignandbuilditsownaircraft.AnAsianpartnermaywellfinditselfinthehappypositionofhavingthelow-costlabourbase,thehigh-costtechnologybaseandthevitalfin
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