2021年12月英语四级语法知识串烧(3).docx

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2021年12月英语四级语法知识串烧(3)

Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)时态1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.I’vebeensittinginthegarden.2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.3)将来完成进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.4)将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成):将来某时已发生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofOctober.语态可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.宾补结构的被动语态:ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短语动词Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep(有被动语态)She’slookingafterhersister’schildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.Theytookhimon.Vt+adv+O(无被动语态)Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.