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第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT9页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT9页 2021年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案第1套段落匹配 ThePriceofOilandthePriceofCarbonA)Fossilfuelpricesarelikelytostay"lowforlong".Notwithstandingimportantrecentprogressindevelopingrenewablefuelsources,lowfossilfuelpricescoulddiscouragefurtherinnovationin,andadoptionof,cleanerenergytechnologies.Theresultwouldbehigheremissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.B)Policymakersshouldnotallowlowenergypricestoderailthecleanenergytransition.Actiontorestoreappropriatepriceincentives,notablythroughcorrectivecarbonpricing,isurgentlyneededtolowertheriskofirreversibleandpotentiallydevastatingeffectsofclimatechange.Thatapproachalsooffersfiscalbenefits.C)Oilpriceshavedroppedbyover60%sinceJune2021.Acommonlyheldviewintheoilindustryisthat"thebestcureforlowoilpricesislowoilprices".Thereasoningbehindthissayingisthatlowoilpricesdiscourageinvestmentinnewproductioncapacity,eventuallyshiftingtheoilsupplycurvebackwardandbringingpricesbackupasexistingoilfields—whichcanbetappedatrelativelylowmarginalcost—aredepleted.Infact,inlinewithpastexperience,capitalexpenditureintheoilsectorhasdroppedsharplyinmanyproducingcountries,includingtheUnitedStates.Thedynamicadjustmenttolowoilpricesmay,however,bedifferentthistimearound.D)Oilpricesareexpectedtoremainlowerforlonger.Theadventofnewtechnologieshasaddedabout4.2millionbarrelsperdaytothecrudeoilmarket,contributingtoaglobalover-supply.Inaddition,otherfactorsareputtingdownwardpressureonoilprices:changeinthestrategicbehavioroftheOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries,theprojectedincreaseinIranianexports,thescaling-downofglobaldemand(especiallyfromemergingmarkets),thelong-termdropinpetroleumconsumptionintheUnitedStates,andsomedisplacementofoilbysubstitutes.Theselikelypersistentforces,likethegrowthofshale(页岩)oil,pointtoa"lowforlong"scenario.Futuresmarkets,whichshowonlyamodestrecoveryofpricestoaround$60abarrelby2021,supportthisview.E)Naturalgasandcoal—alsofossilfuels—havesimilarlyseenpricedeclinesthatlooktobelong-lived.Coala
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