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第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT11页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT11页 2021年12月大学英语四级考试阅读提高训练(四) Happinessandsadnessaretwomostbasicandfamiliarfeelingforhumanbeings.Recently,peoplehaveachievedfurtherunderstandingaboutthem.HappinessUniversityofIllinois,psychologistEdDiener,whohasstudiedhappinessforaquartercentury,wasinScotlandrecently,explainingtomembersofParliamentandbusinessleadersthevalueofincreasingtraditionalmeasuresofacountry'swealthwithanationalindexofhappiness.Suchanindexwouldmeasurepoliciesknowntoincreasepeople'ssenseofwell-being,suchasdemocraticfreedoms,accesstohealthcareandtheruleoflaw.EricWilsontriedtogetwiththeprogram.Urgedonbyfriends,heboughtbooksonhowtobecomehappier.Hemadeeveryefforttosmoothouthishabitualworriedlookandwearasunnysmile,sinceahappyexpressioncanleadtogenuinelyhappyfeelings.Wilson,aprofessorofEnglishatWakeForestUniversity,tookupjogging,reputedtoboostthebrain'ssupplyofjoyfulneuro-chemicals,andbeganhisconversationswith"great!"and"wonderful!",thebettertoexercisehiscapacityforenthusiasm.However,somescientistsarereleasingthemost-extensive-everstudycomparingmoderateandextremelevelsofhappiness,andfindingthatbeinghappierisnotalwaysbetter.Insurveysof118,519peoplefrom96countries,scientistsexaminedhowvariouslevelsofsubjectivewell-beingmatchedupwithincome,education,politicalparticipation,volunteeractivitiesandcloserelationships.Theyalsoanalyzedhowdifferentlevelsofhappiness,asreportedbycollegestudents,correlatedwithvariousoutcomes.Evenallowingforimprecisioninpeople'sself-reportedsenseofwell-being,theresultswereunambiguous.Thehighestlevelsofhappinessgoalongwiththemoststable,longestandmostcontentedrelationships.Thatis,evenalittlediscontentwithyourpartnercancauseyoutolookaroundforsomeonebetter,untilyouareatbestaserialmonogamistandat,worstneverinaloving,stablerelationship.Nevertheless,"onceamoderatelevelofhappinessisachieved,furtherincreasescansometimesbeharmful"toincome,careersuccess,educationandpoliticalparticipation,DienerandcolleagueswriteinthejournalPerspectivesonPsy
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