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第PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT15页共NUMPAGES\*MERGEFORMAT15页 英语六级巅峰阅读附详解第1期:美籍华人的历史 TheHistoryofChineseAmericansChinesehavebeenintheUnitedStatesforalmosttwohundredyears.Infact.theChinesehadbusinessrelationswithHawaiipriortorelationswiththemainlandwhenHawaiiwasnotyetpartoftheUnitedStates.ButUnitedStatesinvestmentscontrolledthecapitalofHawaiiatthattime.In1788,ashipsailedfromGuangzhoutoHawaii.MostofthecrewmenwereChinese.TheywereconsideredthepioneersofHawaii.TheImmigrationCommissionreportedthatthefirstChinesearrivedintheUnitedStatesin1820.eightin1830andsevenhundredandeightyin1850.TheChinesepopulationgraduallyincreasedandreached64,199in1870.FormanyyearsitwascommonintheUnitedStatestoassociateChineseAmericanswithrestaurantsandlaundries.PeopledidnotrealizethattheChinesehadbeendrivenintotheseoccupationsbytheprejudiceanddiscriminationthatfacedtheminthiscountry.TheFirstChinesetoreachthemainlandUnitedStatescameduringtheCaliforniaGoldRushof1849.Likemostoftheotherpeoplethere,theyhadcometosearchforgold.Inthatlargelyunoccupiedland,themenstakedaclaimforthemselvesbyplacingmarkersintheground.However.eitherbecausetheChineseweresodifferentfromtheothersorbecausetheyworkedsopatientlythattheysometimessucceededinturningaseeminglyworthlessminingclaimintoaprofitableone,theybecamechescapegoatsoftheirenviouscompetitors.Theywereharassedinmanyways.Oftentheywerepreventedfromworkingtheirclaims;somelocalitiesevenpassedregulationsforbiddingthemtoownclaims.TheChinesethereforestartedtoseekoutotherwaysofearningaliving.Someofthembegantodochelaundryforthewhiteminers;otherssetupsmallrestaurants.(TherewerealmostnowomeninCaliforniainthosedays,andtheChinesefilledarealneedbydoingthis“woman'swork”.)Somewenttoworkasfarmhandsorasfishermen.Intheearly1860'smanymoreChincsearrivedinCalifornia.Thistimethemenwereimportedasworkcrewstoconstructthefirsttranscontinentalrailroad.Theyweresorelyneededbecausetheworkwassostrenuousanddangerous,anditwascarriedoninsucharemotepartofthecountrythattherailroadcompanycouldnotfindotherlabor
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