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稠油药剂分散技术数值模拟与试验
稠油药剂分散技术数值模拟与试验
摘要
稠油开采是许多国家重要的能源来源，但稠油由于其高粘度和高密度，难以通过油井被提取。通过加入药剂来分散稠油使其变得更加流动和易于提取已成为一种解决稠油开采难题的方法。本文介绍了稠油药剂分散技术的数值模拟和试验研究。数值模拟采用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法，建立三维模型模拟药剂在稠油中的分散过程。试验研究采用三台离心泵模拟稠油开采的流动过程，测试不同药剂添加量对稠油的分散效果。模拟结果表明，药剂添加量和流体流速对稠油分散效果有显著影响。试验结果表明，适当的药剂添加量能够显著提高稠油的流动性。
关键词：稠油药剂分散、数值模拟、试验研究、计算流体动力学
Introduction
Withthedepletionofconventionaloilreserves,theexploitationofheavyoilhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantformanycountriesasanalternativeenergysource.However,duetotheirhighviscosityanddensity,heavyoilsaredifficulttoextractthroughconventionalwells.Theadditionofchemicalstotheoil,knownaschemicalenhancedoilrecovery(EOR),isamethodtodisperseheavyoilsmakingthemmoremobileandeasiertoextract.Amongvariouschemicalenhancementmethods,theuseofsurfactantshasbeenwidelystudiedinrecentyears.Thesurfactantsadsorbattheoil-waterinterface,loweringtheinterfacialtensionandreducingtheviscosityoftheoilphase,makingitmoremobile.
Inthisstudy,wefocusonthenumericalsimulationandexperimentalinvestigationofheavyoilsurfactantdispersiontechnology.Thedispersionofsurfactantsinheavyoilcanbeaffectedbyseveralfactors,includingthepropertiesofthesurfactant,theconcentrationofthesurfactant,andtheflowconditions.Ourobjectiveistoinvestigatetheeffectsofthesefactorsonsurfactantdispersioninheavyoilandimprovetheefficiencyofthechemicalenhancedoilrecoverymethod.
NumericalSimulation
Thenumericalstudywasconductedusingthecomputationalfluiddynamics(CFD)technique.Athree-dimensionalmodeloftheexperimentalflowsystemwasconstructedtosimulatetheflowofheavyoilandsurfactants.Themodelconsistsofacylindricaltankcontainingheavyoil,equippedwithanimpellerinstalledonaverticalshaft(Figure1).Theimpellerwasusedtosimulateturbulentflowconditionsinthetank.Thesurfactantsolutionwasinjectedintothetankthroughaninlet,andtheflowwasmonitoredattheoutlet.
Thecomputationaldomainwasseparatedintotworegions:theheavyoilregionandthesurfactantsolutionregion.Theheavyoilwasmodeledasanon-Newtonianfluidusingpower-lawviscosity.Thesurfactantsolutionwasmodeleda