英国都铎王朝时期民居研究-豆柴文库

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英国都铎王朝时期民居研究
Introduction
TheTudorperiodinEngland(1485–1603)wasatimeofgreatcultural,social,andeconomicchange.Duringthistime,thepopulationofEnglandgrewrapidly,leadingtoanincreaseindemandforhousing.Asaresult,thearchitectureanddesignofdomesticbuildingsunderwentsignificantdevelopment,reflectingthechangingtastesandneedsofthepopulation.ThisessayaimstoexplorethedomesticarchitectureoftheTudorperiod,consideringhowpeoplelived,thetypesofhousestheyoccupied,andthearchitecturalfeaturesthatcharacterizedTudorbuildings.
HousesoftheTudorPeriod
TheTudorperiodsawashiftinthetypeofhousesthatwerebeingbuiltinEngland.Themiddleclassbegantoemerge,creatingademandforhomesthatweremoresubstantialthanthesimplecottagesthathadpreviouslybeencommon.Thewealthyalsocontinuedtobuildlarge,ornatehousesthatwouldserveasareflectionoftheirstatus.ThisledtothecreationofthreemaintypesofdomesticarchitectureinTudorEngland:thecottage,thetownhouse,andthecountryhouse.
Cottage
TheTudorcottagewasasimple,vernacularbuildingconstructedoftimberandthatch,withsmallwindowsandasinglechimney.Thesecottagesweretypicallyoccupiedbypeasantfamiliesandwereoftenbuiltbytheoccupantsthemselves.Duetothelimitedresourcesavailabletotheoccupants,Tudorcottagesweresmallandrelativelysimpleindesign,withlittleornamentation.
Townhouses
Tudortownhousesweretypicallyoccupiedbymerchants,lawyers,andothermembersoftheurbanmiddleclass.Theywereoftenconstructedofbrickorstone,withlargewindowsandornatefacades.Townhousesweredesignedtobepractical,withseparateroomsfordifferentpurposes,suchasaparlourforentertainingguestsandaroomforconductingbusiness.
CountryHouses
Tudorcountryhousesweregrand,statelyhomesusuallyoccupiedbywealthylandownersandnoblemen.Theywereoftenconstructedofstoneorbrick,withlargewindowsandelaboratedecoration.Tudorcountryhouseswerebuilttoimpressvisitorsanddemonstratethewealthandpoweroftheiroccupants.Manycountryhouseshadextensivegardens,parks,andhuntinggrounds,whichwereusedforentertainmentandrecreation.
ArchitecturalFeatures
TheTudorperiodischaracteriz