2021年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案-第3套-仔细阅读2篇-(2).docx

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2021年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案第3套仔细阅读2篇

PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse."Whileweteach,welearn,"saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They'redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthematerial,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho'relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids.Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bornsiblings(兄弟姐妹).ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe"teachableagent"—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated(动画的)figurecalledBetty'sBrain,whohasbeen"taught"aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors'learning.Theagents'questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall,it'stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail,buthappywhenthesevirtualp