总结英语八大句子成分.doc

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HYPERLINK"http://blog.myspace.cn/e/406352995.htm"英语八大句子成分
句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。
1）主语：常用n./pron./num./todo/doing/从句（主语从句）担任，一般放于句首。如：
Studentsstudy.
Wearefriends.
20yearsisnotashorttime./80,000milesisalongjourney.
Toseeistobelieve.
Ifbuyingabagofcandiesdoesn’tappealtoyou,howaboutbuyingatree?
Whathesaidimpressedmemost.
★祈使句的主语往往省略。Hurryup,please.
2）谓语：(时态和语态）表示主语的行为或状态，常用vi./vt./系动词或动词词组担任，放主语后。如：
Shecried.
Heleft.
Wewillarrivesoon.
Hefailedtheexam.
Hegavemeagift.
Ifoundthebookinteresting.
Sheremainedyoungafter10years.
宾语：表示动作的对象，常见的有动宾、介宾和形宾。常由n./pron./num./todo/doing/句子（宾语从句）担任。
vt+o
Hepassedtheexam.Ireceivedamessage.
vt+indirectobject+directO
I’llfetchyouachair.Hepassedthesalttome.Ichoseabookforme.
此类动词有：give,teach,buy,lend,find,hand,leave,sell,show,read,pay,make,offer,build,pass,bring,cook,refuse
注：见附录一跟双宾的动词
③vt+O+OC★
Hemadethegirllaugh.
注：见附录二跟宾和宾补的动词
注：“动词+副词+宾语”,如果宾语是代词,放中间：Pleaseputtheshoesaway./Pleaseputawaytheshoes./Pleaseputthemaway.(请把它们收起来。)
4表语：说明主语性质或状态。由n./pron./num./adj./adv./todo/doing/done/pp/句子（表语从句）担任。
Thistableislong.
Nowleavesturnyellow.
Sheisstillshe.
Heismytutor.
Theapplesonthetableare8.
thelightisonallthetime.
Theonlythingistowait.
Thecupisbroken.
Thebookisrelaxing.
Thewholeclasswasincompletelysilence.
Thehousestilllookswhatitusedtobe10yearsago.
5定语：描述名词的品质或特征，常用adj./n./pron./num./todo/doing/done/句子（定语从句）担任。
aredsun.Flowershops.Hername.5men.Runningwater.Acatcalledmimi.
Thebestwaytomakefriends.
Iwouldliketoasksomepersonalquestionsabouthim,whichmustbeveryinteresting.
冠词a/物代my/年龄old/形状round/大小big/温度cold色彩red来源Chinese质地材料woolen//用途reading被修饰的名词(中心词)---修饰顺序
6状语:--动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语。常由adv./adj./todo/doing/done/pp/独立主格、句子（状语从句）担任。
Thestudentsstudyhard.
Thebagistooheavy.
Afteraweek’strip,hereturnedhome,tiredbutveryhappy.(说明主语的状态）
Inordertosolvetheproblem,hecameupwithasuggestion.
Whenhecameback,Ihadbeenasleep.
Timepermitting,heexpectstogoouttoplay.
多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念：Hewentoutoftheroomataquarterto