高中英语语法：直接引语与间接引语讲解与练习.doc

高中语法：直接引语&间接引语

Ⅰ.引导词的选择及语序
1.陈述句：S+V+that+陈述语序(S+V)
“Thatisthetrouble”,saidBill.
改为：Billsaid___________________________thetrouble.
【注】：that可省略，但如果是两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列，则第二个that不可省略。
Hetoldme(that)hehadfinishedhisworkandthathewouldliketohaveaholiday.
2.一般疑问句：S+V+if/whether+陈述语序(S+V)
Heasked,“Areyouleavingtonight?”
改为：Heaskedus___________________________leavingthatnight.
3.特殊疑问句：S+V+what/who/which/whose/when+陈述语序(S+V)
“Whydidyoulockthedoor?”fathersaidtoAnne.
改为：FatheraskedAnne____________________________________thedoor.
4.祈使句：S+V+sb.todo/nottodo
(1)表示“命令”：tell,order,command
(2)表示“请求”：ask,beg,request
(3)表示“建议”：advise,suggest
“Don’tmakenoiseinthelibrary.”theteachersaidtothestudents.
改为：Theteacher_________thestudents___________________________noiseinthelibrary.

Ⅱ.时态的一致
主句是过去时，变间接引语时，从句时态向“过去”退一步：

直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时不变一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时
直接引语间接引语Iworkhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iamworkinghard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iwasworkinghard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iworkedhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Ihadworkedhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.Iamgoingtoworkhard.Hesaidthathe_______________hard.
直接引语是客观真理时，变成间接引语时时态不变：
Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
改为：Theteacher____________________________________noiseinthelibrary.
3.直接引语中有明确表示过去时间状语的，变成间接引语时时态不变：
WeiFangsaid,“Iwasbornin1994.”
改为：WeiFangsaid___________________________bornin1994.
直接引语前面的主句谓语是现在时态，变间接引语时，时态不变：
Hesays,“Ihavebeenmarriedfor3years.”
改为：Hesaidthat____________________________________for3years.

Ⅲ.人称及状语的变化
人称变化：“一主二宾三不变”
（直接引语中若出现第一人称则看主句主语，第二人称看主句宾语，第三人称无须变）
试观察：
Shesaidtohim,“Iamveryhungry.”
改为：Shetoldhimthatshewasveryhungry.
Shesaidtohim,“Youareverynice.”
改为：Shetoldhimthathewasverynice.
Shesaidtohim,“Lilyisverynice.”
改为：ShetoldhimthatLilywasverynice.

状语与限定词变化：“这这那那，来来去去”

直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentodaythatdaytomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdayyesterdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaynextyear/week/monththenextyear/week/monthlastyear/night/weekthe