大学英语词汇与写作.ppt

ChapterIBeCarefulaboutWordsBeCarefulaboutExpressionsContentPartILevelsofWordsThedegreeofformalityFormalWordsIfthehumanmindswerestrictlylogicaldevicelikeacalculatingmachine,itwoulddealwithwordssimplyasnamesofcategories,andwithcategoriesasessentialtoolsforimposingorderorsystemonauniversewhichotherwisepresentsitselfasanunsortedchaosofsenseofstimuli.Buthumanreactiontowords,likemuchotherhumanbehavior,isalsomotivatedbyirrationalimpulsessuchasthosewelabellove,hate,joy,sorrow,fear,awe,andsoforth;andwhenevertheusersofalangueevinceafairlyuniformemotionalresponsetoagivenword,thatresponsebecomepartoftheconnotation,thereforepartofthestandardmeaningofthewordinthatlanguage.Formal---CommonStandardorCommonWordsAfterworkingforatimewithhisfather,hebeganteachingspeechataboy’sschool.Hisfreetimewasspentinstudyingsound.Ashestudiedthehumanvoiceandvibrationsthatwenttomakeupsound,hefoundthatthevoicewasnotasimplething.Sohecontinuedhisstudiesandhisteachinguntiltheageoftwenty-threewhenhemovedwithhisfamilytoCanada.ColloquialorInformalWordsExample:Note:Comparethefollowingitalicwords:SlangWordsExample:Note:putoffpostponecoverupconcealcomeacrossencountertakepartinparticipatecutdownreducebreakupdisintegratemakeacontributioncontributegiveconsiderationtoconsidertheapplicationofapplyadjectivephrasesverbsbeforgetfulofforgetbeenviousof(嫉妒)envybecontemptuousofcontempt(轻蔑)Exerise1：Doyouknowthefollowingformalwords？AndwhataretheirAnglo-Saxonoriginals？Exercise2：WhataretheformalequivalentsoftheseAnglo-Saxonoriginals？Exerise3：Hereisabeginningofanapplicationletter,whatdoyouthinkofitswording？Theimproperusageofthewordslikewant,infowhicharecolloquialmadethelettersoundinformalandcasualinimpolitetone.MoreexercisePartIIThemeaningofWordsconnotation指词所隐含的，带有某种感情和思想色彩的意义。

Foeexample:thedenotationof“home”is“thehousewhereonelives/adwellingplace”,汉语译为“家”。

Then,whatdoesthesentence‘It’sahomeawayfromhome’mean?

Theconnotationofhomeisaplaceofwarmth,comfortandaffection.(温暖/舒适/爱）thefirsthomemeansitsconnotation，whilethesecondone