托福阅读理解试题精编.docx

托福阅读理解试题

2017托福阅读理解试题 业精于勤而荒于嬉，行成于思而毁于随，以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2017托福阅读理解试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网! PASSAGE25 Thehistoryofclinicalnutrition,orthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenhealthandhowthebodytakesinandutilizesfoodsubstances,canbepidedintofourdistincteras:thefirstbeganinthenineteenthcenturyandextendedintotheearlytwentiethcenturywhenitwasrecognizedforthefirsttimethatfoodcontainedconstituentsthatwereessentialforhumanfunctionandthatdifferentfoodsprovideddifferentamountsoftheseessentialagents.Neartheendofthisera,researchstudiesdemonstratedthatrapidweightlosswasassociatedwithnitrogenimbalanceandcouldonlyberectifiedbyprovidingadequatedietaryproteinassociatedwithcertainfoods. Theseconderawasinitiatedintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcenturyandmightbecalled"thevitaminperiod."Vitaminscametoberecognizedinfoods,anddeficiencysyndromesweredescribed.Asvitaminsbecamerecognizedasessentialfoodconstituentsnecessaryforhealth,itbecametemptingtosuggestthateverydiseaseandconditionforwhichtherehadbeennopreviouseffectivetreatmentmightberesponsivetovitamintherapy.Atthatpointintime,medicalschoolsstartedtobecomemoreinterestedinhavingtheircurriculaintegratenutritionalconceptsintothebasicsciences.Muchofthefocusofthiseducationwasontherecognitionofvitamindeficiencysymptoms.Hereinlaythebeginningofwhatultimatelyturnedfromignorancetodenialofthevalueofnutritionaltherapiesinmedicine.Recklessclaimsweremadeforeffectsofvitaminsthatwentfarbeyondwhatcouldactuallybeachievedfromtheuseofthem. Inthethirderaofnutritionalhistoryintheearly1950'stomid-1960s,vitamintherapybegantofallintodisrepute.Concomitantwiththis,nutritioneducationinmedicalschoolsalsobecamelesspopular.Itwasjustadecadebeforethisthatmanydrugcompanieshadfoundtheirvitaminsalesskyrocketingandwerequicktosupplypracticingphysicianswithgeneroussamplesofvitaminsandliteratureextollingthevirtueofsupplementationforavarietyofhealth-relatedconditions.Expectationsastothesuccessofvitaminsindiseasecontrolwereexaggerated.Asisknowninretrospect,vitamina