2014考研英语之翻译模拟题(二).docx

2014考研英语之翻译模拟题(二)

第一篇：2014考研英语之翻译模拟题(二)在这里，没有考不上的研究生。2014考研英语之翻译模拟题（二）二、科学与技术Themeaningsof“science”and“technology”havechangedsignificantlyfromonegenerationtoanother.Moresimilaritiesthandifferences,however,canbefoundbetweentheterms,(46)Bothscienceandtechnologyimplyathinkingprocess,bothareconcernedwithcausalrelationshipsinthematerialworld,andbothemployanexperimentalmethodologythatresultsinempiricaldemonstrationsthatcanbeverifiedbyrepetition.(47)Science,atleastintheory,islessconcernedwiththepracticalityofitsresultsandmoreconcernedwiththedevelopmentofgenerallaws,butinpracticescienceandtechnologyareinextricablyinvolvedwitheachother.Thevaryinginterplayofthetwocanbeobservedinthehistoricaldevelopmentofsuchpractitionersaschemists,engineers,physicists,astronomers,carpenters,potters,andmanyotherspecialists.Differingeducationalrequirements,socialstatus,vocabulary,methodology,andtypesofrewards,aswellasinstitutionalobjectivesandprofessionalgoals,contributetosuchdistinctionsascanbemadebetweentheactivitiesofscientistsandtechnologists;butthroughouthistorythepractitionersof“pure”sciencehavemademanypracticalaswellastheoreticalcontributions.(48)Indeed,theconceptthatscienceprovidestheideasfortechnologicalinnovationsandthatpureresearchisthereforeessentialforanysignificantadvancementinindustrialcivilizationisessentiallyamyth.Mostofthegreatestchangesinindustrialcivilizationcannotbetracedtothelaboratory.Fundamentaltoolsandprocessesinthefieldsofmechanics,chemistry,astronomy,metallurgy,andhydraulicsweredevelopedbeforethelawsgoverningtheirfunctionswerediscovered.Thesteamengine,forexample,wascommonplacebeforethescienceofthermodynamicselucidatedthephysicalprincipleunderlyingitsoperations.Inrecentyearsasharpvaluedistinctionhastheirbitteropponents,buttodaymanypeoplehavecometofeartechnologymuchmorethanscience.(49)Forthesepeople,sciencemaybeperceivedasaserene,objectivesourceforunderstandingtheeternallawsofnature,whereasthepracticalmanifestationsoftechnologyinthemodernworldnowseemtothemtobeoutofcont