专业英语 工程力学.docx

专业英语工程力学

第一篇：专业英语工程力学1.Inthefiniteelementmethod,theactualcontinuumorbodyofmatterlikesolid,liquidorgasisrepresentedasanassemblageofsubpisionscalledfiniteelements.theseelementsareconsideredtobeinterconnectedatspecifiedjointswhicharecallednodesornodalpoints.thenodesusuallylieontheelementboundarieswhereadjacentelementsareconsideredtobeconnected.在有限元方法中，本来连续体物质像固体液体气体被看做是一个划分后有限单元的集合。这些单元被认为是在指定的关节是相互联系的,这些关节被称为节点。这些节点通常附着在与附近单元相联系的边界上2.Withtheprogramregisteredinsomeinformationsupport,andthedataandpropercontrolcommandsadded,theprogramisreadytobetestedbysubmittingitforprocessing.Atthebeginning,theprogramwillincludesomeerrorsthatmaybesyntaxerrorsandlogicerrors.Syntaxerrorsappearsbecausesomeoftherulesofthelanguageareviolated.Normallythesecanbeeasilydetectedandcorrected.Logicerrorscorrespondtothecasethatasyntaxerror-freeprogramissubmittedforexecution,butitdoesnotproducethedesiredresults.随着程序的编写在信息的支持下，数据和合适的控制命令的增加，这个程序快速的被测试，通过提交它给过程。在开始时，这个程序会包含一些错误，语法错误和逻辑错误。语法错误出现，是因为一些语言规则被违反。通常这些能容易被发觉和改正。逻辑错误相应的原因，是一个语法自由错误程序被提交执行，但是它没有产生想要的结果。3.ThislargediscrepancywasexplainedbytheproposalofGriffiththatglassymaterialscontainedcracklikedefectswhichareasstressraisers.Griffitharguedthatforthecaseofuniaxialtensileloadingofamaterialcontainingacrackintheplaneperpendiculartothetensileaxis,thecrackwouldbegintogrowandcauseultimatefailureatstressesbelowthetheoreticalstrength.这个大的差异被Griffith的提议解释，这个提议是玻璃质材料存在易碎的缺陷即应力集中。Griffith认为，例如单轴拉力荷载作用一个物体上，附体在垂直于拉力轴线的平面上有裂纹，裂纹将开始增在，在理论强度应力下导致最终的破坏4.Inrecentyears,high-strengthalloyshavebecomeincreasinglywidelyused.Becausefabricationmethodsareoftenimperfect,manystructuresmadefromthesematerialscontaincracklikedefects.Asaconsequenceofthis,fracturepriortoplasticyieldhasbecomeanincreasinglyfamiliarmodeoffailure.Underthesecircumstances,designsbasedsolelyonresistancetoplasticdeformationareofteninadequatewhenhigh-strengthmaterialsareused.Itis,therefore,importantformanyapplicationstohaveatheoryformetalswhichcaneitherpredictthebreakingloadsforstructurescontainingfl