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交通工程专业英语第一章 第一篇：交通工程专业英语第一章1.5Weliveinacomplexandrapidlydevelopingworld.consequently,theproblemsthattrafficengineersareinvolvedinevolverapidly.Urbancongestionhasbeenamajorissueformanyyears.giventhetransportationdemandcycle,itisnotalwayspossibletosolvecongestionproblemsthroughexpansionofcapacity.trafficengineersthereforeareinvolveinthedevelopmentofprogramsandstrategiestomanagedemandinbothtimeandspaceandtodiscouragegrowthwherenecessary,arealquestionisnot“howmuchcapacityisneededtohandledemand?”butrather“howmanyvehiclesand/orpeoplecanbeallowedtoentercongestedareaswithindesignatedtimeperiods?”Growthmanagementisamajorcurrentissue.Anumberofstateshavelegislationthattiesdevelopmentpermitstolevel-of-serviceimpactsonthehighwayandtransportiatonsystem.wheredevelopmentwillcausesubstantialdeteriorationinthequalityoftrafficservice,eithersuchdevelopmentwillbedisallowedorthedeveloperwillberesponsibleforgeneralhighwayandtrafficimprovementthatmitigatethesenegativeimpacts.suchpoliciesaremoreeasilydealtwithingoodeconomictimes.Whentheeconomyissluggish,theissuewilloftenbeaclashbetweenthedesiretoreducecongestionandthedesiretoencouragedevelopmentasameansofincreasingthetaxbase.Reconstructionofexistinghighwayfacilitiesalsocausesuniqueproblems.theentireinterstatesystemhasbeenaging,andmanyofitsfacilitieshaverequiredmajorreconstructionefforts.partoftheproblemisthatreconstructionofinterstatefacilitiesreceivesthe90%federalsubsidy,whileroutinemaintenanceonthesamefacilityisprimarilytheresponsibilityofstateandlocalgovernments.deferringroutinemaintenanceonthesefacilitiesinfavorofmajorreconstructioneffortshasresultedfromfederalfundingpoliciesovertheyears.majorreconstructioneffortshaveasubstantialmajorburdennotinvolvedintheinitialconstructionofthesefacilitiesmaintainingtraffic.itiseasiertobulidanewfacilityinadedicatedright-of-waythantorebuilditwhilecontinuingtoserve100000ormorevehiclesperday.thus,isissuesoflong-termandshort-termconstructiondetoursaswellasthepersionoftraffictoalternateroutesrequiremajorp
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