作业和总结+归纳+战略.docx

作业和总结+归纳+战略

第一篇：作业和总结+归纳+战略第一章内容归纳总结（阅读理解）Firmsusethestrategicmanagementprocesstoachievestrategiccompetitivenessandearnabove-averagereturns.Strategiccompetitivenessisachievedwhenafirmhasdevelopedandlearnedhowtoimplementavalue-creatingstrategy.Above-averagereturns(inexcessofwhatinvestorsexpecttoearnfromotherinvestmentswithsimilarlevelsofrisk)providethefoundationafirmneedstosimultaneouslysatisfyallofitsstakeholders.Thefundamentalnatureofcompetitionisdifferentinthecurrentcompetitivelandscape.Asaresult,thosemakingstrategicdecisionsmustadoptadifferentmind-set,onethatallowsthemtolearnhowtocompeteinhighlyturbulentandchaoticenvironmentsthatareproducingdisorderandagreatdealofuncertainty.Theglobalizationofindustriesandtheirmarketsandrapidandsignificanttechnologicalchangesarethetwoprimaryfactorscontributingtotheturbulenceofthecompetitivelandscape.Firmsusetwomajormodelstohelpthemformtheirvisionandmissionandthenchooseoneormorestrategiestouseinpursuitofstrategiccompetitivenessandabove-averagereturns.ThecoreassumptionoftheI/Omodelisthatthefirm’sexternalenvironmenthasmoreofaninfluenceonthechoiceofstrategiesthandothefirm’sinternalresources,capabilities,andcorecompetencies.Thus,theI/Omodelisusedtounderstandtheeffectsanindustry’scharacteristicscanhaveonafirmwhendecidingwhatstrategyorstrategiestousetocompeteagainstrivals.ThelogicsupportingtheI/Omodelsuggeststhatabove-averagereturnsareearnedwhenthefirmlocatesanattractiveindustryorpartofanindustryandsuccessfullyimplementsthestrategydictatedbythatindustry’scharacteristics.Thecoreassumptionoftheresource-basedmodelisthatthefirm’suniqueresources,capabilities,andcorecompetencieshavemoreofaninfluenceonselectingandusingstrategiesthandoesthefirm’sexternalenvironment.Above-averagereturnsareearnedwhenthefirmusesitsvaluable,rare,costly-to-imitate,andnon-substitutableresourcesandcapabilitiestocompeteagainstitsrivalsinoneormoreindustries.Evidenceindicatesthatbothmodelsyieldinsightsthatarelinkedtosuccessfullyselectingandusingstrategies.Thus,firmsw