建筑学专业英语翻译.docx

建筑学专业英语翻译

第一篇：建筑学专业英语翻译S.Peter's,Rome(begun1506.consecratedI626)(pp.868C.870,871,902C,905),thelargestandmostimportantbuildingoftheRenaissance,owesthenucleus0fitsdesigntoBramante,althoughmanyotherarchitectsweretoworkonit.ItwasJuliusII'swhimtoinstallacolossaltombforhimselfinthechoir(begunbyNicholasV,c.J450)thatprecipitatedthedecisiontorebuildtheancientbasilicacompletely.Bramantemadeseveralvariantdesignsforthenewbuilding,butallenvisagedthatdirectlyabovethetombofS.PeterwouldriseanenormousdomeofroughlythesamesizeasthePantheon's,supporteduponfourmassivecrossingpiers.Theso-calledParchmentPlan’(Uffizi.Florence)andthefoundationmedalof1506showaGreek-crossplanwithinasquare,withfoursubsidiarydomes,lowersatthecorner,andhalf-domesterminatingeachofthefourarms,Suchadesignistherealisationofthetheoreticalpreferenceforcentralisedplanning,butalsoderivesfromsuchesteemedfunerarychurchesasS,Mark's,Veniceaswellasancientmausolea.Despiteitssizehowever,theGreek-crossplanwouldnothavecoveredthesiteoftheoldbasilica,norwouldithavesuitedcongregationalorprocessionalneeds:ultimatelyaLatincrosswithanextendedeasternarmwaspreferred(p,871Gg)Bramante'sbuildingwouldhavehadarelativelysevereexterior,dependingforitseffectonthehierarchicalmassingofgeometricforms(ratherlikehisearlierprojectforPaviaCathedral).Thedome,knownbothfromthemodalandformawoodcutinSerlio'streatise,wastobeasingle-shelledhemisphere,presumablymadeofconcreteandwithasteppedprofilederivedfromthePantheon;itwouldhavebeenraiseduponacolonnadeddrumandsurmountedbyalantern(p.870B).FortheinteriorofthebuildingBramanteintendedtousepairedCorinthianpilasterssupportedontallpedestals(theflourlevelwaslaterraisedbySangallo).Hishighlyoriginalandinfluentialchamferedcrossingpiers,althoughlatermuchenlarged,stillsurviveinthecompletedbuilding,enablingthenaveandtranseptstowidenatthecrossingandgivingasmoothtransitionbetweenpierandpendentive.Ingeneral,Bramante'ssculpturalapproachtopiersandwallmass.inspiredbyRomanarchitecture,representsanewspatialconceptionofgreatimpo