有机化学双语教学专业名词.docx

有机化学双语教学专业名词

第一篇：有机化学双语教学专业名词Chapter1Introduction1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.periodictablepositivelychargedelectron（+）,negativelychargedelectron（-）bondpolarityelectronegativity（EN）covalentandionicbond(共价键和离子键)inductiveeffect（I，诱导效应）conjugateacid（base）(共轭酸(碱))；inverserelationshipOH-（hydroxide）；-OH（hydroxyl）TheBrnsted-Lowryacidandbase(布仑斯特酸和碱);theLewisacidandbase（路易斯酸和碱）10.vacantorbital11.nonbondingelectrons12.onelonepairofelectron;anelectronpair13.electronconfiguaratiuon(电子构造)14.tetrahedral(四面体)15.hybridization(杂化)；sp,sp2,andsp3hybridorbitalsChapter2Alkanesandcycloalkanes1.constitutional(构造异构),stereomer（立体异构）2.Newmanproject（纽曼投影式,gauche(顺交叉式),twistboatconformation（扭船式）3.conformer（构象异构）,staggeredconformation（交叉式）,eclipsedconformation（重叠式）,anticonformation（反式构象）,cis-transisomer,chair/boatconformation,axialposition(轴向位置),equatorialposition（平伏位置）4.catalyticcracking（催化裂解）5.energybarrier（能垒）6.reactiveintermediate（反应中间体）,freeradical（自由基）,carbocation（碳正离子）,carbanion（碳负离子）,carbene（卡宾）7.hyperconjugation（超共轭）,resonancestabilization（共振稳定性）8.overlap（交叠）9.homolyticcleavage(均裂),heterolyticcleavage（异裂）Chapter3Alkenesandalkynes1.olefins(alkenes),vinylic（means:ontheC=Cdoublebond）,vicinaldihalide(邻二卤代物)2.functionalgroup（官能团）,doublebond,degreeofunsaturationorelementsofunsaturation(=C2HXN2）（不饱和度或不饱和元素）3.hydrogenation,dehydrogenation（脱氢反应）,dehydration（脱水反应）,dehalogenation,electrophilicaddition;nucleophilicaddition;elimenation;dehydrohalogenation。4.Zaitsevelimination;Hofmannproduct125.margarine（人造黄油）；cellulose（纤维素）；nucleotide(核苷)6.Oxidation，bromoniumion7.anti(syn)stereochemistry8.glycol(邻二醇)9.radicalpolymerization（自由基聚合）10.initiation(引发)，propagation（传递）,termination（终止）11.allyliccarbocation(means:acarbocationnexttoadoublebond,烯丙基正离子)12.tautomerism(互变异构，rapidlyinterconvert)Chapter4Aromaticcompounds1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.aromaticcompounds（芳香化合物）delocalized（离域的）toluene（甲苯）,xylene（二甲苯）;ortho-,meta-,para-（邻-，间-，对-）electrophilicsubstitutionreactionhalogenation,nitration,sulfonation,alkylation,acylation.e