材料专业外语.docx

材料专业外语

第一篇：材料专业外语原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子数Atomicnumber原子量Atomicweight波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel键能Bondingenergy库仑力Coulombicforce共价键Covalentbond分子的构型molecularconfiguration电子构型electronicconfiguration负电的Electronegative正电的Electropositive基态Groundstate摩尔Mole氢键Hydrogenbond离子键Ionicbond同位素Isotope金属键Metallicbond分子Molecule原子atom泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple元素周期表Periodictable分子molecule分子量moleculeweight极性分子Polarmolecule量子数quantumnumber价电子valenceelectron范德华键vanderwaalsbond电子轨道electronorbitals点群pointgroup对称要素symmetryelements各向异性anisotropy原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)面心立方face-centeredcubic(FCC)布拉格定律bragg’slaw配位数coordinationnumber晶体结构crystalstructure晶系crystalsystem晶体的crystalline衍射diffraction中子衍射neutrondiffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction晶界grainboundary六方密堆积hexagonalclose-packed(HCP)鲍林规则Pauling’srulesNaCl型结构NaCl－typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates岛状结构Islandstructure链状结构Chainstructure层状结构Layerstructure架状结构Frameworkstructure滑石talc叶蜡石pyrophyllite高岭石kaolinite石英quartz长石feldspar美橄榄石forsterite各向同性的isotropic各向异性的anisotropy晶格lattice晶格参数latticeparameters密勒指数millerindices非结晶的noncrystalline多晶的polycrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal晶胞unitcell电位electronstates(化合)价valence电子electrons共价键covalentbonding金属键metallicbonding离子键Ionicbonding极性分子polarmolecules原子面密度atomicplanardensity衍射角diffractionangle合金alloy粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微结构microstructure显微照相photomicrograph扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)重量百分数weightpercent四方的tetragonal单斜的monoclinic配位数coordinationnumber固溶体solidsolution固溶度solidsolubility化合物compound间隙固溶体interstitialsolidsolution置换固溶体substitutionalsolidsolution金属间化合物intermetallics不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution转熔型固溶体peritecticsolidsolution有序固溶体orderedsolidsolution无序固溶体disorderedsolidsolution固溶强化solidsolutionstrengthening取代型固溶体Substitutionalsolidsolutions过饱和固溶体supersaturatedsolidsolution非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometriccompound缺陷efect,imperfection点缺陷pointdefect线缺陷inedefect,dislocation面缺陷interfacedefect体缺陷volumedefect位错排列dislocationarran