科技翻译第7-10-11段落.docx

科技翻译第7-10-11段落

第一篇：科技翻译第7-10-11段落Inthepastfewyearsthecosttoproducephotovoltaiccellsandmoduleshasdroppedsignificantly,openingthewayforlarge-scaledeployment.Variouscelltypesexist,buttheleastexpensivemodulestodayarethinfilmsmadeofcadmiumtelluride.Toprovideelectricityatsixcentsperkwhby2020,cadmiumtelluridemoduleswouldhavetoconvertelectricitywith14percentefficiency,andsystemswouldhavetobeinstalledat$1.2perwattofcapacity.Currentmoduleshave10percentefficiencyandaninstalledsystemcostofabout$4perwatt.Progressisclearlyneeded,butthetechnologyisadvancingquickly;commercialefficiencieshaverisenfrom9to10percentinthepast12months.Itisworthnoting,too,thatasmodulesimprove,rooftopphotovoltaicswillbecomemorecost-competitiveforhomeowners,reducingdaytimeelectricitydemand.近几年来，光电池及组件的生产成本大幅降低，为大规模运用开辟了道路。虽然电池类型种类多样，但如今最便宜的组件是由碲化镉构成的薄膜。如果要在2020年实现每度电成本为6美分的目标，碲化镉组件转换电力的效率不得不达到14%，而系统的安装费用则需要降至1.2美元没瓦特发电量。现在的组件效率为10%，系统安装费用为每瓦特4美元。尽管显然需要做出更多努力，但科技发展十分迅猛；在过去的12个月中，经济效率已经从9%上升至10%。随着组件的改良，屋顶上安装太阳光电池在成本上将更具竞争性，因为它可以减少白天的电力需求，这一点同样值得关注。Thegreatlimitingfactorofsolarpower,ofcourse,isthatitgenerateslittleelectricitywhenskiesarecloudyandmoreatnight.Excesspowermustthereforebeproducedduringsunnyhoursandstoredforuseduringdarkhours.Mostenergystoragesystemssuchasbatteriesareexpensiveorinefficient.当然，太阳能发电的一个突出局限性是阴天时几乎无法发电，而夜晚则根本不能发电。为此必须在晴天储存足够能源以供其它时候使用。大部分像电池这样的能量储存系统昂贵或低效。Compressed–airenergystoragehasemergedasasuccessfulalternative.Electricityfromphotovoltaicplantscompressesairandpumpsinintovacantundergroundcaverns,abandonedmines,aquifersanddepletednaturalgaswells.Thepressurizedairisreleasedondemandtoturnaturbinethatgenerateselectricity,aidedbyburningsmallamountsofnaturalgas.Compressed-airenergystorageplantshavebeenoperatingreliablyinHuntorf,Germany,since1978andinMcIntosh,Ala..Since1991.Theturbinesburnonly40percentofthenaturalgastheywouldiftheywerefueledbynaturalgasalone,andbetterheatrecoverytechnologywouldlowerthatfigureto30percent.压缩空气能量储存是一个有效的方法。来自光伏电站的电力压缩空气并将其灌输至空置的地下洞穴、废弃的矿山、含水土层和枯竭的天然气井中。压缩