英语文章：论语中看孔子思想[范文模版].docx

英语文章：论语中看孔子思想[范文模版]

第一篇：英语文章：论语中看孔子思想[范文模版]XiaonanJiangMidtermPaper(ConfuciusandtheAnalects)TheAnalectsisafamousbookthathasinfluencedChinesethoughtsforthousandsofyears.Asthesayinggoes,halfAnalectsrulestheworld,thusitcanbeseenthattheAnalectsisveryimportanttothepoliticalfield.NowIwillcharacterizethepoliticalphilosophyofearlyConfucianismasitisexpressedintheAnalects.First,theAnalectssuggeststhatthegovernmentshouldbuildagoodleadership.Confuciusattachesgreatimportancetotheleadershipinthefunctionofthepoliticalfield,andheaskstheleadermustfirstmakesomeachievementsinmorals,otherwisewillbeunabletoleadthelowerclassofpeople.Confuciuspidespeopleinthesocietyintotwoclasses,namely“junzi”and“xiaoren”.BeforeConfucius,theoriginalmeaningsofthesetwowordswereleadersandtheirsubordinates.IntheeraofConfucius,thesewordsbegantohavingthemoralsense.TheAnalectssays:Therelationbetweensuperiorsandinferiorsislikethatbetweenthewindandthegrass.Thegrassmustbend,whenthewindblowsacrossit.Combingthemoralelementsintothewordswhichrepresentedthetheregulatorsandtheregulatedpreviously,theConfuciansthinksthataleadershouldbeavirtuousperson.Also,Confuciussuggeststhattheleadershouldsetagoodexampletothemasses.WhenChiK’angaskedConfuciusaboutgovernment,Confuciusreplied:togovernmeanstorectify.Ifyouleadonthepeoplewithcorrectness,whowilldarenottobecorrect?Confuciusalsosaidthatifapersonwasnotcovetous,althoughyourewardhimtodoit,hewouldnotsteal.Theseexamplesillustratethatthegovernorshouldleadhismeninachargeand1taketheleadindoinggood.ThentheAnalectsproposesarightstrategyofadministeringthecountry:Rulingthecountrybyvirtue.TheMatersays:Ifthepeopleareledbylaws,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembypunishments,theywilltrytoavoidthepunishment,buthavenosenseofshame.Iftheyareledbyvirtue,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhempropriety,theywillhavethesenseofshame,andmoreoverwillbecomegood.Confuciusherecomparestwokindsofwaystorunacountry:rulingthecountrybylawsandbyvirtue.Hethinksusinglawstodetercitizensfromcrimeswillonlyscratchthesurface.Butth