英语国家社会与文化入门(II)-豆柴文库

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英语国家社会与文化入门(II)

第一篇：英语国家社会与文化入门(II)英语国家社会与文化入门（II）名词解释题1.AmericanIndiansAmericanIndians,whoweremistakenlycalledbyColumbus,movedtotheAmericasfromAsiaabout25000yearsago.TheydevelopedtheirownaboriginalculturesandsomeofthemsuchastheAztecs,theIncasandthemayaswereveryadvancedwhenEuropeansarrivedintheNewWorld.But,asaresultofEuropeanconquest,theIndianpopulationwasquicklyreducedandtheircultureswereruthlesslydestroyed.2.theDeclarationofIndependenceTheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandwasadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776,whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernments:thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedandthepurposeofgovernmemtswastosecuretherightsmentionedabove.ThetheoryofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.3.GgeorgeWashingtonGeorgeWashingtonwasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublic.HewastheCommander-in-ChiefoftheContinentalArmyintheWarofIndependenceagainsttheBritishcolonialruleandthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates.4.ThomasJeffersonThomasJeffersonwasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublicHewasthechiefauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependenceandthethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates.5.BenjaminFranklinBenjaminFranklinwasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublic.HeparticipatedinwritingtheDeclarationofIndependenceandmakingtheU.S.Constitution.6.theArticlesofConfederationAftertheWarofIndependencewaswon,thenewnationoftheUnitedStateswasorganizedundertheagreementoftheArticlesofConfederationwithaweaknationalgovernmentcalledtheCongress.Eachstatehaditsowngovernment,madeitsownlawsandhandleitsinternalaffairs.ThestatesdidnotcooperatewiththeCongressandwitheachother.TheCongresshadnopowertoforceanystatetocontributemoneytothenationalgovernmentandtheCongresscouldnottaxa