英语家教语法.docx

英语家教语法

第一篇：英语家教语法语法（5）定语从句一、概念:Heistheboywhooftengoestoschoollate.先行词关系词定语从句二、关系词：关系代词that,which,who(whom,whose)关系副词where,when,why三、关系代词引导的定语从句：○一般情况下，当先行词指人时，用that,who或whom引导当先行词指物时，只能用which○只用that不用which：1.先行词为形容词最高级所修饰：ThisisthelongestbridgethatIhaveeverseen.2.先行词为序数词所修饰：ThisisthefirstcompositionthathehaseverwritteninEnglish.3.先行词有人有物：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthathappenedintheschool.4.主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句Whoisthemanthatcamethismorning?Whichisthebagthatyoulost?5.先行词为theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame所修饰的定语从句Heistheverypersonthatthepolicearelookingfor.ThisistheonlythingthatIcanremember.6.先行词是everything,nothing,something,all,little,much,everybody等不定代词Telluseverythingthatyouknow,please.Isthereanythingthatyoudon’tunderstand?7.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时Allthatglittersisnotgold.I’vereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.○只用which不用that：1.关系代词前有介词时：ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived.这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。2.在非限定性定语从句(常用，与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义)TheyaretalkingabouttheTVplay,whichtheysawlastnight.注意：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishwell.ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.②当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，往往可以省略。Mrs.Smith(whom)youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.Thisisthebook(which)youarelookingfor.Therearesomefilms(that)I’dliketosee.③口语中作为宾语的关系代词whom也可用who，且也可以省略。Theman(whom/who)youweretalkingabouthascometoourschool.④关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，介词可以放在whom,which之前（不可放在that之前）Theman(whom)IborrowedthebookfromisLiLei.→ThemanfromwhomIborrowedthebookisLiLei.Thehouse(which)helivesinisquitelarge。→Thehouseinwhichhelivesisquitelarge.应注意，如果介词位于关系代词之前，关系代词不可省略。若定语从句中谓语动词是固定搭配的词组，则其后的介词或副词不可前移至关系代词之前。Thedictionarywhichyouarelookingforisonthedesk.你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。Thesickmanwhomsheistakingcareofisherfarther.她在照顾的病人是她父亲。○whose:谁的表示所属关系后面紧跟名词可指人指物DoyouknowthegirlwhosenameisLily?指物时，whose=ofwhichThenovelwhosetitleisredandblackisintersting=thetitleofwhich四、关系副词引导的定语从句：当引导词在句中作状语时，应用适当的关系副词。表示时间用when，表示地点用where，表示原因用why。=“介词+关系代词”形式。○定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配