词汇学第一章教案（定稿）.docx

词汇学第一章教案（定稿）

第一篇：词汇学第一章教案（定稿）TeachingProgramforLexicologyPartOneIntroduction1.Definition:abranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheoriginsandmeaningsofwords.2.Functions:toinvestigateandstudythemorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandwordequivalents,theirsemanticsstructures,relations,historicaldevelopment,formationandusages.PartTwoWordsandvocabulary1.Definitionofword:aminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction.2.Relationbetweensoundandmeaning:certainsoundwillrepresentcertainpersons,things,places,properties,processesandactivitiesoutsidethelanguagesystem.Thissymbolicconnectionisalmostalwaysarbitrary,andthereisnologicrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself.Therelationshipbetweenthemisconventional.3.Relationbetweensoundandform:Naturallythewrittenformshouldagreewiththeoralform,thatis,thesoundshouldbesimilartotheform.Reasonsforthedifferencesbetweenthem:1)EnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachsoundinthelanguagesothatsomelettersmustdodoubledutyorworktogetherincombination.2)Thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears,andinsomecasesthetwohavedrawnfarapart.3)Someofthedifferenceswerecreatedbytheearlyscribes.4)Theborrowing,whichisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary.4.Vocabulary:itreferstoboththetotalnumberofthewordsinalanguage,andallthewordsusedinaparticularhistoricalperiod,aswellasallthewordsofagivendialect.Thegeneralestimateofthepresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisoveronemillionwords.5.Classificationofwords1)Basicwordstockandnon-basicvocabulary;(Byuseoffrequency)a.Characteristicsofbasicwordstock:①Allnationalcharacter;②Stability;③Productivity;④Polysemy;⑤Collocability.b.Characteristicsofnon-basicstock:①Terminology;②Jargon;③Slang;④Argot;⑤Dialectalwords;⑥Archaisms;⑦Neologisms.2)Contentwordsandfunctionalwords;(Bynotion)a.Contentwords:denoteclearnotions,alsocallednotionalwords,includingnouns,verbs,adjectives,adverbsandnumerals.b.Functional